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Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Hill Farming

Book chapter published in the Book "Conservation Agriculture for Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Soil Health" (Ed J. Somasundaram, R.S. Chaudhary, A. Subba Rao, K.M. Hati, N.K. Sinha & M. Vassanda Coumar)Not AvailableNot Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted during 2013 - 14 at experimental farm, located in the Indian Himalayan region at Hawalbagh (29◦36 N and 79◦40E and 1250 m above mean sea level) in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Eight wheat varieties viz., VL Gehun 738, VL Gehun 802, VL Gehun 804, VL Gehun 832, VL Gehun 892, VL Gehun 907, HS 490 and HS 507 were sown at one month interval (Nov 15–D I, Dec 15–D II, Jan 15–D III and Feb 15 - D IV) in the field and recommended agronomic practices were followed. Physiological parameter like photosynthetic rate (mol m - 2 s - 1) was determined in late sown plants by using LICOR, - LI - 6400X Portable Photo system, USA. Measurements were taken during cloudless days with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) more than 1200 mol m - 2 s - 1. Grain quality (β - carotene) was estimated by the method of AACC (2000) with some modifications. Insect counts viz., aphids, syrphids and helicoverpa larva were taken in ten randomly selected plants in the field during heading stage. Aphids were counted as colonies (10 - 50 individuals/colony) whereas syphids (both grubs and adults) and helicoverpa larva were counted as individuals per ten plants.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe increasing demand for crop production, given worldwide increases in the human population, puts pressure on moving natural resources towards sus-tainable development. This creates a big challenge for the upcoming generation. If improvement is not successful, there exists the unfortunate consequence that global food production may soon become insufficient to feed all of the world’s people. It is therefore essential that agricultural productivity be significantly increased in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. Plant-beneficiary rhizo-bacteria (PBR) naturally activate microorganisms found in the soil. Because they are inexpensive, effective, and environmentally friendly, PBR are gaining impor-tance for use in crop production by restoring the soil’s natural fertility and protect-ing it against drought and soil diseases, thereby stimulating plant growth. PBR decrease the use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and artificial growth regulators; the intensive use of these inputs has led to severe health and environmental hazards, such as soil erosion, water contamination, pesticide poisoning, decreased ground-water table, water logging, surface crusting and depletion of biodiversity. The use of PBR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism with the aim of sustaining soil health over the long term. (7) (PDF) Towards Plant-Beneficiary Rhizobacteria and Agricultural Sustainability. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325854138_Towards_Plant-Beneficiary_Rhizobacteria_and_Agricultural_Sustainability [accessed Nov 19 2018].Not Availabl