The effect of massage on pain intensity in patients with knee surgery by Arthroscopy technique

Background: Pain as a main social problem has involved millions of people. Surface massag is one of the effective ways for reducing pain after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface massage technique on pain intensity in knee surgery patients with Arthroscopy technique. Material and Methods: This is a clinical trial study on 60 Knee surgery patientsSamples were selected using conveniencecontinuity method and then they were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In intervention group, besides routine treatments, patients were taking surface massage technique by the researcher for 20 minutes each day and pain severity was evaluated before and after the surface stroking technique. Control group received only routine medical care and pain severity was evaluated in first and after 20 minutes. Data was analyzed by presenting descriptive and inferential statistics with using SPSS version 15 software. Results: Results showed that there was a statistical different between mean score of pain severity before and after surface massage in intervention group (p <0.001) but this difference wasn't meaningful in control group (p=0.32). Conclusion: Considering surface massage as a safe and effective intervention, it could be used as an easy, cheap and executable method for treating pain in all medical health care centers and even at patient's home

Sensitivity or resistance to steroid therapy in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is not associated with polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

It's about years that the relation between renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS) and involving enzymes such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with nephrotic syndrome is under the focus of researchers and also there are a lot of meta-analyses. However there were few studies investigated the relation of ACE polymorphism and sensitivity or resistance to steroid therapy in children. So we intend to do that. In the current study the sample size was 40 children. Among them, 22 patients were sensitive and 18 patients were resistant to steroid therapy. The samples were collected from Ali-Asghar pediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the genotyping. After that, we used Chi-squared test for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between ACE polymorphism and sensitivity or resistance to steroid therapy (P = 0.77). Although the frequency of DD genotype was higher in the resistant group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Finally we found that although based on previous studies, D allele and DD genotype are more frequent in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in comparison to healthy children, but the resistance or sensitivity to steroid therapy in children is not associated with ACE polymorphism. Further meta-analysis on the studies done on children is suggested. � 2016 Parisadat Ahmadi et al

Estimation of dosimetric parameters based on K nr and K ncsf correction factors for small field radiation therapy at 6 and 18 MV linac energies using monte carlo simulation methods

Background: Estimating dosimetric parameters for small fields under non-reference conditions leads to significant errors if done based on conventional protocols used for large fields in reference conditions. Hence, further correction factors have been introduced to take into account the influence of spectral quality changes when various detectors are used in non-reference conditions at different depths and field sizes. Objective: Determining correction factors (K NR and K NCSF ) recommended recently for small field dosimetry formalism by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) for different detectors at 6 and 18 MV photon beams. Methods: EGSnrc Monte Carlo code was used to calculate the doses measured with different detectors located in a slab phantom and the recommended K NR and K NCSF correction factors for various circular small field sizes ranging from 5-30 mm diameters. K NR and K NCSF correction factors were determined for different active detectors (a pinpoint chamber, EDP-20 and EDP-10 diodes) in a homogeneous phantom irradiated to 6 and 18 MV photon beams of a Varian linac (2100C/D). Results: K NR correction factor estimated for the highest small circular field size of 30 mm diameter for the pinpoint chamber, EDP-20 and EDP-10 diodes were 0.993, 1.020 and 1.054; and 0.992, 1.054 and 1.005 for the 6 and 18 MV beams, respectively. The K NCSF correction factor estimated for the lowest circular field size of 5 mm for the pinpoint chamber, EDP-20 and EDP-10 diodes were 0.994, 1.023, and 1.040; and 1.000, 1.014, and 1.022 for the 6 and 18 MV photon beams, respectively. Conclusion: Comparing the results obtained for the detectors used in this study reveals that the unshielded diodes (EDP-20 and EDP-10) can confidently be recommended for small field dosimetry as their correction factors (K NR and K NCSF ) was close to 1.0 for all small field sizes investigated and are mainly independent from the electron beam spot size. © 2019, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Effects of environmental factors on growth traits in Makuie sheep

The Makuie sheep is a fat-tailed sheep breed which can be found in the Azerbaijan province of Iran. non- genetic parameters obtained from data collected from 1993 to 2012 Makuie sheep research station of West Azerbaijan province in Iran were evaluated in the present study. The non- genetic parameters for birth weight, weaning weight (3 months), 6-month, 9-month and yearling weight traits were estimated based on 19 years of data using SAS software. Least squares means were 4.11± 0.88, 21.50±3.50, 27.18±3.53, 28.57±4.44 and 34.21±3.88 kg for weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month, respectively. The birth year had a significant effect on all traits while the effect of birth type significantly affected all traits (p<0.05). The lamb's sex had a significant effect on all traits (p<0.05). The effect of dam's age had a significant effect on all traits except 9- month (p<0.05). Results showed that non- genetic factors have an important role in expressing of genetic potential in the lambs

Effect of sweet almond syrup versus methylphenidate in children with ADHD: A randomized triple-blind clinical trial

Background and purpose: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common health disorders among children. Some patients do not respond to methylphenidate or cannot tolerate its side effects. Sweet almond syrup as a Persian Medicine preparation has been used for many years. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sweet almond for ADHD children. Materials and methods: Fifty children aged 6-14 years with ADHD were recruited to the study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either methylphenidate or sweet almond syrup. The outcomes were assessed using the Parent and Teacher ADHD Rating Scale every two weeks for 8 weeks. Results: Results showed that the two treatments had similar effects on symptom reduction in ADHD children. No significant differences were observed between the two groups (F=2.3, df=1, p=0.13, F=0.57, df=1, p=0.47). Conclusion: Sweet almond may be an effective treatment for ADHD children. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Incidence of self-reported interpersonal violence related physical injury in Iran

Background: Violence is the cause of death for 1.5 million people in a year. Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal violence related physical injury (VRPI) and its associated factors in Iran. Patients and Methods: The sample included people ranged from 15 to 64 years old who were residing in Iran. A total of 1525 clusters were selected from the whole country. Six families were selected from each cluster via a systematic random sampling method. Then, the residential units were identified and the interviewers contacted the inhabitants. In the next step, one of the family members was selected by using Kish grid method. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and consisted of two sections; demographics and project related data. Face validity and content validity of our questionnaire were investigated based on expert opinions and the reliability was confirmed by a pilot study, as well. The inclusion criteria were considered for choosing the interviewers. An interviewer was assigned for each 42 participants (7 clusters). An educational seminar was held for the administrative managers (54 persons) and interviewers (230 persons) for a week. The field work was distributed among all 46 Medical Sciences universities in Iran. In each university, administrative issues were related to an executive director. Mann-Whitney U test and odds ratio were used to analyze the data with 95 confidence interval. α value was considered less than 5. Results: The frequency of VRPI among 7886 participants was 24 during the last three months. The incidence rate of interpersonal VRPI was estimated at 3.04 per 1000 population (95 CI: 2.66-3.42) during a three-month interval in Iran. The incidence was 4.72 per 1000 population (95 CI: 4.01-5.43) for males and 1.78 per 1000 population (95 CI: 1.39-2.17) for females during a three-month interval. The mean (SD) of age of the participants with and without a history of VRPI were 26.5 (7.21) and 33.05 (12.05) years, respectively (P = 0.008). Considering the participants� gender, 66.7 were males (OR = 2.66, 95 CI: 1.14-6.23). Khuzestan Province had the most VRPIs (25 of all VRPIs). Streets and roads were the places with the highest frequency of injury (50). The most frequent injured organ was the upper limb (54.17). The most prevalent type of injury was a superficial wound (50). Finally, the most common place of treatment was home (45.83). Conclusions: We determined the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal VRPI for the first time in Iran based on a national survey. The injuries were more common among young men. We suggest consecutive national surveys with different data gathering methods and more sample sizes. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Evaluation of protective effects of non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 against the nitroglycerine-induced acute and chronic animal models of migraine: A mechanistic study

Aim: Migraine is a neurological debilitating disorder. Previous studies have shown that cannabinoid receptor agonists have analgesic effects in various models of pain. In this study, therefore, we investigated anti-nociceptive effects of WIN 55,212-2, and the role of either CB1 or CB2 receptors in nitroglycerine (NTG)-induced animal model of migraine. Methods: The present study was conducted on both male and female rats receiving NTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce acute (single dose of NTG) and chronic (repetitive doses of NTG) models of migraine. Additionally, three groups received WIN 55,212-2 (0.33, 1, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) 45 min before behavioral tests. Additionally, AM251 and AM630 (CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonist, respectively, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were used to evaluate the possible involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors during the protective effects of WIN 55,212-2. Key findings: We found that NTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in both acute and chronic models increased sensitivity to pain. In acute model, we found that WIN 55,212-2 (almost high doses) decreases the level of pain mainly through CB1 receptor due to CB1 antagonist abrogates its protective effects, however, in formalin test CB2 receptors also had crucial roles in both phases at 3 mg/kg of WIN 55,212-2. In chronic model, WIN 55,212-2 (0.33, 1 and 3 mg/kg) significantly attenuated NTG-induced hyperalgesia through both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Significance: Our data supported the argument that activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors by WIN 55,212-2 may be considered a new medication for migraine, however in lack of each receptor leads to different responses from deletion to the reduction of analgesic effects. © 2019 Elsevier Inc

Fate of the extended states in a vanishing magnetic field: the role of spins in strongly-interacting 2D electron systems

In non-interacting or weakly-interacting 2D electron systems, the energy of the extended states increases as the perpendicular magnetic field approaches zero: the extended states "float up" in energy, giving rise to an insulator. However, in those 2D systems where metallic conductivity has been recently observed in zero magnetic field, the energy of the extended states remains constant or even decreases as B -> 0, thus allowing conduction in the limit of zero temperature. Here we show that aligning the electrons' spins causes the extended states to once more "float up" in energy in the vanishing perpendicular magnetic field, as they do for non- or weakly-interacting electrons. The difference between extended states that float up (an insulator) or remain finite (a metal) is thus tied to the existence of the spins

Preparation of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/CeVO4 Nanocomposites: Investigation of Photocatalytic Effects on Organic Pollutants, Bacterial Environments, and New Potential Therapeutic Candidate Against Cancer Cells

The new nanocomposite with various molar ratios along with magnetic properties was fabricated via precipitation (assisted by ultrasonic) procedure. The photocatalytic effects of methylene blue (�90 degradation for optimized sample in 100 min) for finding the optimized sample performed under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the photo-antibacterial impacts of bacteria culture environments were found with an optimized sample that had effective destruction of bacteria in comparison to control group. The cytotoxicity properties of panc1 cells and magnetic behaviors of the obtained nanomaterials were evaluated and its IC50 was about 500 mg/L. As an initial step, the structural, morphological and magnetic characteristics of the fabricated nanocomposites were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and MAP, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) approaches. Based on SEM results, the size of nanoparticles in fabricated nanocomposite was nearly 50�70 nm for Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 and 80�100 nm for Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/CeVO4. XRD results showed that desired nanocomposites were truly synthesized without any impurities. © Copyright © 2020 Marsooli, Rahimi-Nasrabadi, Fasihi-Ramandi, Adib, Eghbali-Arani, Ahmadi, Sohouli, Sobhani nasab, Mirhosseini, Gangali, Ehrlich and Joseph

Major anxiety disorders in Iran: Prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and service utilization

Background: It has been shown in the past two decades that anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in general population across the world. This study sought to assess the prevalence of major anxiety disorders, their sociodemographic correlates and mental health service utilization as part of the Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS). Methods: A national household face-to-face survey was carried out on a representative sample of Iranian adults from January to June 2011 using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1). A total of 7886 subjects between 15 and 64years who can understand Persian language were included. The 12-month prevalence of anxiety disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), their socio-demographic correlates, health service use and days out of role were measured in this study. Results: The 12-month prevalence of anxiety disorders (not including specific phobias) was 15.6. The prevalence was 12.0 in males and 19.4 in females. The three most prevalent anxiety disorders were generalized anxiety disorder (5.2), obsessive-compulsive disorder (5.1) and social phobia (3.2), respectively. Factors found to be significantly associated with anxiety disorders were: female gender (OR=1.16, 95 CI: 1.09-1.23), middle (OR=1.23, 95CI: 1.01-1.50) or low (OR=1.66, 95CI: 1.31-2.10) socioeconomic status, unemployment (OR=1.98, 95CI: 1.49-2.62), and urban residence (OR=1.31, 95CI: 1.10-1.57). Comorbidity with non-anxiety disorders significantly increased service utilization. In all subgroups, service utilization was higher among females while the number of days out of role was higher among males. Conclusions: Anxiety disorders are common conditions with a higher prevalence among the female gender, unemployed individuals, and people with low socioeconomic conditions living in urban areas. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with other psychological disorders aggravates the disability and significantly increases the number of days out of role. © 2018 The Author(s)