Power flows in the hydrodifferential torque rectifier of the automatic stepless inertial transmission

The article describes the work of hydrodifferential torque rectifier. The possibility and relevance of its application in automatic stepless inertial transmission is rationalized. This transmission is not widely disseminated due to the low reliability of torque rectifiers, consisting of a variety of designs of one-way clutch with jamming bodies. The use of liquid as a jamming body allows to eliminate this drawback. The kinematic diagram of the automatic stepless inertial hydrodifferential torque converter for a city bus PAZ-32053 made on the basis of a patent for utility model 119426 of the Russian Federation is provided. The work ща inertial hydrodifferential torque converter at all typical modes of operation is addressed: stop mode, transformation of torque and dynamic coupling modes. Power flows in the differential mechanism hydrodifferential torque rectifier on each of the four cycles of operation of the transformation of torque are analyzed. Losses in hydraulic systems of the body and output hydraulic brakes on the specified operating modes are presented. Distinctive feature of the work of hydrodifferential torque rectifier is identified: the power flow is transmitted only by mechanically, hydro-brakes only provide a short circuit to the transmission body supporting units of differential mechanism. The power flow does not flow through them under load, they perceive only the reactive flow, therefore there are no losses inherent in the volumetric hydraulic drive. The results of calculations of losses on idle stroke, hydraulic inertial hydrodifferential torque converter of a city bus for all the gear ratios are presented. The most loaded modes of transmission are identified. The substantiation of the high – up to 0.93 – efficiency hydrodifferential torque rectifier throughout the operating range inertial hydrodifferential torque converter is provided

Self-Channelling of Electric Current in a Quantum Well

We have directly demonstrated that homogeneous photoexcitation of a quantum well in presence of uniform tilted magnetic field gives rise to a set of bypass in-plane electric currents of a different value which may flow even in the opposite directions simultaneously. The effect has been observed in an asymmetric InAs quantum well under the Landau quantization. Theoretical model of the effect are discussed as well as the related problems.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

The microwave induced resistance response of a high mobility 2DEG from the quasi-classical limit to the quantum Hall regime

Microwave induced resistance oscillations (MIROs) were studied experimentally over a very wide range of frequencies ranging from ~20 GHz up to ~4 THz, and from the quasi-classical regime to the quantum Hall effect regime. At low frequencies regular MIROs were observed, with a periodicity determined by the ratio of the microwave to cyclotron frequencies. For frequencies below 150 GHz the magnetic field dependence of MIROs waveform is well described by a simplified version of an existing theoretical model, where the damping is controlled by the width of the Landau levels. In the THz frequency range MIROs vanish and only pronounced resistance changes are observed at the cyclotron resonance. The evolution of MIROs with frequency are presented and discussed.Comment: 4 pages, presented at EP2DS, to be published in Physica

The anapole moment and nucleon weak interactions

From the recent measurement of parity nonconservation (PNC) in the Cs atom we have extracted the constant of the nuclear spin dependent electron-nucleon PNC interaction, $\kappa = 0.442 (63)$; the anapole moment constant, $\kappa_a = 0.364 (62)$; the strength of the PNC proton-nucleus potential, $g_p = 7.3 \pm 1.2 (exp.) \pm 1.5 (theor.)$; the $\pi$-meson-nucleon interaction constant, $f_\pi \equiv h_\pi^{1} = [9.5 \pm 2.1 (exp.) \pm 3.5 (theor.)] \times 10^{-7}$; and the strength of the neutron-nucleus potential, $g_n = -1.7 \pm 0.8 (exp.) \pm 1.3 (theor.)$.Comment: Uses RevTex, 12 pages. We have added an explanation of the effect of finite nuclear siz

Weak localization of Dirac fermions in graphene beyond the diffusion regime

We develop a microscopic theory of the weak localization of two-dimensional massless Dirac fermions which is valid in the whole range of classically weak magnetic fields. The theory is applied to calculate magnetoresistance caused by the weak localization in graphene and conducting surfaces of bulk topological insulators.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Exact analytical expression for magnetoresistance using quantum groups

We obtain an exact analytical expression for magnetoresistance using noncommutative geometry and quantum groups.Then we will show that there is a deep relationship between magnetoresistance and the quantum group $su_{q}(2)$, from which we understand the quantum interpretation of the quantum corrections to the conductivity.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, replaced with the version published in Physics Letters

Renormalization of the P- and T-odd nuclear potentials by the strong interaction and enhancement of P-odd effective field

Approximate analytical formulas for the self-consistent renormalization of P,T-odd and P-odd weak nuclear potentials by the residual nucleon-nucleon strong interaction are derived. The contact spin-flip nucleon-nucleon interaction reduces the constant of the P,T-odd potential 1.5 times for the proton and 1.8 times for the neutron. Renormalization of the P-odd potential is caused by the velocity dependent spin-flip component of the strong interaction. In the standard variant of $\pi + \rho$-exchange, the conventional strength values lead to anomalous enhancement of the P-odd potential. Moreover, the $\pi$-meson exchange contribution seems to be large enough to generate an instability (pole) in the nuclear response to a weak potential.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex3, no figure

Magnetotransport in two-dimensional electron gas at large filling factors

We derive the quantum Boltzmann equation for the two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field such that the filling factor $\nu \gg 1$. This equation describes all of the effects of the external fields on the impurity collision integral including Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, smooth part of the magnetoresistance, and non-linear transport. Furthemore, we obtain quantitative results for the effect of the external microwave radiation on the linear and non-linear $dc$ transport in the system. Our findings are relevant for the description of the oscillating resistivity discovered by Zudov {\em et al.}, zero-resistance state discovered by Mani {\em et al.} and Zudov {\em et al.}, and for the microscopic justification of the model of Andreev {\em et al.}. We also present semiclassical picture for the qualitative consideration of the effects of the applied field on the collision integral.Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures; The discussion of the role of the effect of the microwave field on the distribution function is revised (see also cond-mat/0310668). Accepted in Phys. Rev.

Probing exotic phenomena at the interface of nuclear and particle physics with the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms: A unique window to hadronic and semi-leptonic CP violation

The current status of electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms which involves the synergy between atomic experiments and three different theoretical areas -- particle, nuclear and atomic is reviewed. Various models of particle physics that predict CP violation, which is necessary for the existence of such electric dipole moments, are presented. These include the standard model of particle physics and various extensions of it. Effective hadron level combined charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) symmetry violating interactions are derived taking into consideration different ways in which a nucleon interacts with other nucleons as well as with electrons. Nuclear structure calculations of the CP-odd nuclear Schiff moment are discussed using the shell model and other theoretical approaches. Results of the calculations of atomic electric dipole moments due to the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moment with the electrons and the P and time-reversal (T) symmetry violating tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleus are elucidated using different relativistic many-body theories. The principles of the measurement of the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms are outlined. Upper limits for the nuclear Schiff moment and tensor-pseudotensor coupling constant are obtained combining the results of atomic experiments and relativistic many-body theories. The coefficients for the different sources of CP violation have been estimated at the elementary particle level for all the diamagnetic atoms of current experimental interest and their implications for physics beyond the standard model is discussed. Possible improvements of the current results of the measurements as well as quantum chromodynamics, nuclear and atomic calculations are suggested.Comment: 46 pages, 19 tables and 16 figures. A review article accepted for EPJ

Erratum: "A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo" (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

[no abstract available