35,830 research outputs found
Environment identification based memory scheme for estimation of distribution algorithms in dynamic environments
Copyright @ Springer-Verlag 2010.In estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs), the joint probability distribution of high-performance solutions is presented by a probability model. This means that the priority search areas of the solution space are characterized by the probability model. From this point of view, an environment identification-based memory management scheme (EI-MMS) is proposed to adapt binary-coded EDAs to solve dynamic optimization problems (DOPs). Within this scheme, the probability models that characterize the search space of the changing environment are stored and retrieved to adapt EDAs according to environmental changes. A diversity loss correction scheme and a boundary correction scheme are combined to counteract the diversity loss during the static evolutionary process of each environment. Experimental results show the validity of the EI-MMS and indicate that the EI-MMS can be applied to any binary-coded EDAs. In comparison with three state-of-the-art algorithms, the univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) using the EI-MMS performs better when solving three decomposable DOPs. In order to understand the EI-MMS more deeply, the sensitivity analysis of parameters is also carried out in this paper.This work was supported by the National
Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 60774064, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of
UK under Grant EP/E060722/01
An extended finite element method with smooth nodal stress
The enrichment formulation of double-interpolation finite element method
(DFEM) is developed in this paper. DFEM is first proposed by Zheng \emph{et al}
(2011) and it requires two stages of interpolation to construct the trial
function. The first stage of interpolation is the same as the standard finite
element interpolation. Then the interpolation is reproduced by an additional
procedure using the nodal values and nodal gradients which are derived from the
first stage as interpolants. The re-constructed trial functions are now able to
produce continuous nodal gradients, smooth nodal stress without post-processing
and higher order basis without increasing the total degrees of freedom. Several
benchmark numerical examples are performed to investigate accuracy and
efficiency of DFEM and enriched DFEM. When compared with standard FEM,
super-convergence rate and better accuracy are obtained by DFEM. For the
numerical simulation of crack propagation, better accuracy is obtained in the
evaluation of displacement norm, energy norm and the stress intensity factor
Global convergence analysis of the bat algorithm using a markovian framework and dynamical system theory
The bat algorithm (BA) has been shown to be effective to solve a wider range of optimization problems. However, there is not much theoretical analysis concerning its convergence and stability. In order to prove the convergence of the bat algorithm, we have built a Markov model for the algorithm and proved that the state sequence of the bat population forms a finite homogeneous Markov chain, satisfying the global convergence criteria. Then, we prove that the bat algorithm can have global convergence. In addition, in order to enhance the convergence performance of the algorithm and to identify the possible effect of parameter settings on convergence, we have designed an updated model in terms of a dynamic matrix. Subsequently, we have used the stability theory of discrete-time dynamical systems to obtain the stable parameter ranges for the algorithm. Furthermore, we use some benchmark functions to demonstrate that BA can indeed achieve global optimality efficiently for these functions
Atomistic study of electronic structure of PbSe nanowires
Lead Selenide (PbSe) is an attractive `IV-VI' semiconductor material to
design optical sensors, lasers and thermoelectric devices. Improved fabrication
of PbSe nanowires (NWs) enables the utilization of low dimensional quantum
effects. The effect of cross-section size (W) and channel orientation on the
bandstructure of PbSe NWs is studied using an 18 band tight-binding
theory. The bandgap increases almost with the inverse of the W for all the
orientations indicating a weak symmetry dependence. [111] and [110] NWs show
higher ballistic conductance for the conduction and valence band compared to
[100] NWs due to the significant splitting of the projected L-valleys in [100]
NWs.Comment: 4 figures, Prepared for AP
Multiple G-It\^{o} integral in the G-expectation space
In this paper, motivated by mathematic finance we introduce the multiple
G-It\^{o} integral in the G-expectation space, then investigate how to
calculate. We get the the relationship between Hermite polynomials and multiple
G-It\^{o} integrals which is a natural extension of the classical result
obtained by It\^{o} in 1951.Comment: 9 page
Thermodynamics, strange quark matter, and strange stars
Because of the mass density-dependence, an extra term should be added to the
expression of pressure. However, it should not appear in that of energy
according to both the general ensemble theory and basic thermodynamic
principle. We give a detail derivation of the thermodynamics with
density-dependent particle masses. With our recently determined quark mass
scaling, we study strange quark matter in this new thermodynamic treatment,
which still indicates a possible absolute stability as previously found.
However, the density behavior of the sound velocity is opposite to the previous
finding, but consistent with one of our recent publication. We have also
studied the structure of strange stars using the obtained equation of state.Comment: 6 pages, 6 PS figures, REVTeX styl
Strain Modulated Electronic Properties of Ge Nanowires - A First Principles Study
We used density-functional theory based first principles simulations to study
the effects of uniaxial strain and quantum confinement on the electronic
properties of germanium nanowires along the [110] direction, such as the energy
gap and the effective masses of the electron and hole. The diameters of the
nanowires being studied are up to 50 {\AA}. As shown in our calculations, the
Ge [110] nanowires possess a direct band gap, in contrast to the nature of an
indirect band gap in bulk. We discovered that the band gap and the effective
masses of charge carries can be modulated by applying uniaxial strain to the
nanowires. These strain modulations are size-dependent. For a smaller wire (~
12 {\AA}), the band gap is almost a linear function of strain; compressive
strain increases the gap while tensile strain reduces the gap. For a larger
wire (20 {\AA} - 50 {\AA}), the variation of the band gap with respect to
strain shows nearly parabolic behavior: compressive strain beyond -1% also
reduces the gap. In addition, our studies showed that strain affects effective
masses of the electron and hole very differently. The effective mass of the
hole increases with a tensile strain while the effective mass of the electron
increases with a compressive strain. Our results suggested both strain and size
can be used to tune the band structures of nanowires, which may help in design
of future nano-electronic devices. We also discussed our results by applying
the tight-binding model.Comment: 1 table, 8 figure
- …