28,227 research outputs found
From inanimate matter to living systems
Since the early part of this century, the Genesis account of the origin and evolution of life has been explained as an extrapolation of astronomical and geochemical processes. The essence of the answer to date is a protoreproductive protocell of much biochemical and cytophysical competance. The processes of its origin, molecular ordering, and its functions are described. A crucial understanding is that of the nonrandomness of evolutionary processes at all stages (with perhaps a minor statistical component). In this way, evolution conflicts with statistical randomness; the latter is a favorite assumption of both scientific and creationistic critics of the proteinoid theory. The principle contribution of the proteinoid theory to the understanding of general biology is to particularize the view that evolutionary direction is rooted in the shapes of molecules, in stereochemistry. After molecules of the right kind first assembled to protocells, life in its various stages of evolution was an inevitable consequence. It is molecules that continue to assemble as part of living process and, in the role of enzymes, continue to direct life cycle of the cell
<investigations in space-related biology, including molecular evolution and relevant aspects of the extra-terrestrial environment< semiannual status report, 1 jun. - 30 nov. 1964
Investigations in space related biology, molecular evolution, and extraterrestrial environmen
Condensation of Cytidylic Acid in the Presence of Polyphosphoric Acid
Condensation of cytidylic acid in presence of polyphosphoric aci
Linkages in thermal copolymers of lysine
The thermal copolymerization of lysine with other alpha-amino acids was studied. The identity of the second amino acid influences various properties of the polymer obtained, including the proportion of alpha and epsilon linkages of lysine. A review of linkages in proteinoids indicates alpha and beta linkages for aspartic acid, alpha and gamma linkages for glutamic acid, alpha and epsilon linkages for lysine, and alpha linkages for other amino acids. Thermal proteinoids are thus more complex in types of linkage than are proteins
Molecular bases for unity and diversity in organic evolution
The origin of biological information has been ascribed at various times to DNA, RNA, or protein. The origin of nucleic acids without the action of prior informed protein has not been supported by plausible experiments, although such possibilities have been examined. The behavior of thermal proteins and of the microspheres selfassembled therefrom explain the origin of the first cells, the first membrane, the first reproduction cycle, ancient metabolism including ATP-aided synthesis of peptides and polynucleotides, growth, bioelectricity, and polybiofunctionality in general
Magnetic reconnection in plasma under inertial confinement fusion conditions driven by heat flux effects in Ohm's law
In the interaction of high-power laser beams with solid density plasma there
are a number of mechanisms that generate strong magnetic fields. Such fields
subsequently inhibit or redirect electron flows, but can themselves be advected
by heat fluxes, resulting in complex interplay between thermal transport and
magnetic fields.We show that for heating by multiple laser spots reconnection
of magnetic field lines can occur, mediated by these heat fluxes, using a fully
implicit 2D Vlasov-Fokker-Planck code. Under such conditions, the reconnection
rate is dictated by heat flows rather than Alfv\`enic flows. We find that this
mechanism is only relevant in a high plasma. However, the Hall
parameter can be large so that thermal transport is
strongly modified by these magnetic fields, which can impact longer time scale
temperature homogeneity and ion dynamics in the system
Simulation of organismic morphology and behavior by synthetic poly-alpha-amino acids
Simulation of organismic morphology and behavior by synthetic poly-amino acid
The terrestrial origins of macromolecules and of cells
Molecular evolution studies of origin of biopolymers and conversion of polyamino acid biopolymers into cell
Can man start an evolution?
Synthesis of biological cell by polypeptide sequences of amino acids in laboratory experiment
Self-assembly of the protocell from a self-ordered polymer
Formation of ordered polypeptide sequences in thermal protenoid microsphere
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