A Survey on Efficient Life Detection System Using Microwave Signal

Thousands of persons killed as a reason behind earthquake. The on top of words is not the headlines of the newspaper, however, such news come back once the disaster destroyed the sector. The disaster within the big apple town at ‘World Trade Center’ claimed lives of quite 5000 individuals. It absolutely was aforementioned if survivors have been found and rescue earlier the numbers of victims are lower. There is without stopping to the amount of lives lost because the results of such disasters as landslides, folded tunnels and avalanches. The microwave life detection system is developed for the search and rescue of victims at bay underneath the dust of folded building throughout the earthquake or different disasters. The projected system utilizes L-band frequency that is ready to notice metabolic process and heart fluctuations. The operation principle relies on physicist frequency shift of the radiation mirrored from the buried victim. The schematic diagram of microwave Transmitting/Receiving (T/R) and litter cancellation scheme square measure enclosed during this report. During this report varied components of a microwave life detection system like antenna, directional mechanical device, and splitter has been mentioned. By advent of this technique the planet death rate as a reason behind an earthquake might decrease to larger extent

PRODUCTON OF DOUBLE HAPLOID POPULATION IN TWO INDICA RICE (Orysa sativa L.) CROSS SAFRI-17XIR-64 AND MTU1010 VARIETY

Abstract: Anther culture based double haploid (DH) production is a technology which can significantly reduce the time period required for development of new crop variety. In the present investigation an attempt was made to develop DH using anther culture in rice (Oryza sativa L.). One cross Safri-17xIR-64 and one variety MTU1010 was subject for the study. Parameter like media composition, hormonal treatment etc was standardized for efficient development of DH. The anther were excised and plated on to N6 (Chu.,1978) media supplemented with 3% maltose 0.8% agar , 2 ml/l 2,4-D and the pH was maintained of 5.8. In cross Safri-17xIR64 the callus induction percent was 0.49% and in variety MTU1010 callus induction percent is 0.40%.The induce callus was transfer in 16 different media (T1 to T16 ) for regeneration. Then green callus was transfer to green plant regeneration media. Treatment no.T15 was found to be best as it has produce 106 number of green plant & treatment no.T1 has produced 58 albino plants in Safri17xIR-64. In MTU1010, T1 has generated 9 green plants and 5 albino plants

Drought yield index to select high yielding rice lines under different drought stress severities

BACKGROUND Drought is the most severe abiotic stress reducing rice yield in rainfed drought prone ecosystems. Variation in intensity and severity of drought from season to season and place to place requires cultivation of rice varieties with different level of drought tolerance in different areas. Multi environment evaluation of breeding lines helps breeder to identify appropriate genotypes for areas prone to similar level of drought stress. From a set of 129 advanced rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding lines evaluated under rainfed drought-prone situations at three locations in eastern India from 2005 to 2007, a subset of 39 genotypes that were tested for two or more years was selected to develop a drought yield index (DYI) and mean yield index (MYI) based on yield under irrigated, moderate and severe reproductive-stage drought stress to help breeders select appropriate genotypes for different environments. RESULTS ARB 8 and IR55419-04 recorded the highest drought yield index (DYI) and are identified as the best drought-tolerant lines. The proposed DYI provides a more effective assessment as it is calculated after accounting for a significant genotype x stress-level interaction across environments. For rainfed areas with variable frequency of drought occurrence, Mean yield index (MYI) along with deviation in performance of genotypes from currently cultivated popular varieties in all situations helps to select genotypes with a superior performance across irrigated, moderate and severe reproductive-stage drought situations. IR74371-70-1-1 and DGI 75 are the two genotypes identified to have shown a superior performance over IR64 and MTU1010 under all situations. CONCLUSION For highly drought-prone areas, a combination of DYI with deviation in performance of genotypes under irrigated situations can enable breeders to select genotypes with no reduction in yield under favorable environments compared with currently cultivated varieties. For rainfed areas with variable frequency of drought stress, use of MYI together with deviation in performance of genotypes under different situations as compared to presently cultivated varieties will help breeders to select genotypes with superior performance under all situations.Anitha Raman, Satish Verulkar B, Nimai Mandal P, Mukund Variar, V Shukla D, J Dwivedi L, B Singh N, O Singh N, Padmini Swain, Ashutosh Mall K, S Robin, R Chandrababu, Abhinav Jain, Tilatoo Ram, Shailaja Hittalmani, Stephan Haefele, Hans-Peter Piepho, and Arvind Kuma

IDENTIFICATION OF QTLS FOR BROWN PLANTHOPPER (NILAPARVATA LUGENS STAL.) RESISTANCE IN RIL MAPPING POPULATION OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Abstract The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is one of the major insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Exploitation of Host Plant Resistance is a major component to manage this pest. The development of rice varieties that are resistant to the brown planthopper is an important objective in current breeding programmes. This study was undertaken to identify QTLs for BPH resistance from an elite local accession. In the present study, two hundred seventy lines of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Danteshwari/Dagad Deshi were evaluated under glass house condition for brown planthopper resistance. Two leaf stage seedlings were artificially infested in the screen house with second and third instar brown planthopper nymphs, using standard seed box technique. Reactions of the seedlings were recorded seven to ten days after infestation when the susceptible check TN1 was completely killed. The lines found resistant for BPH were further tested by probing mark test and feeding test. The genotypic data of the whole population was developed using SSR and SNP markers. The genotypic data thus obtained was used for QTL analysis using single marker analysis to find out association between markers and trait under study. 10 SSR and 3 SNP markers showed significant association with the trait

Use of <i style="">in silico</i> and semiquantitative RT-PCR approaches to develop nutrient rich rice (<i>Oryza </i><i style="">sativa</i> L.)

203-212Inspite of striking agricultural progress and adequate food grain production, protein energy and micronutrient malnutrition are widespread among rural and poor population. The pharmaceutical and diet diversification based approaches have achieved little success due to poverty and educational unawareness. Biofortification of staple food crop rice, which is consumed in large amounts daily, will serve as an important vector to combat malnutrition. The possible approach to improve nutritive value of rice involves exploitation of available genetic variability for grain protein and Fe/Zn contents with conventional and modern biotechnological tools. We have analysed variability in grain protein and Fe/Zn levels in rice, and factors affecting them for identification of rice genotypes with higher nutritive value. Wide variation for grain protein and micronutrient levels were recorded among the tested rice genotypes, which ranged from 6.19 to 10.75% for grain protein content, 4.82 to 22.69 μg/g for grain Fe and 13.95 to 41.73 μg/g for grain Zn content. Significant effect of nitrogenous fertilizer dose and native soil properties were observed on grain protein content, whereas grain Fe and Zn levels were more significantly affected by native soil properties and showed non-significant effect of nitrogen applied. Three genotypes, R-RF-31, Lalmati and R 1033-968-2-1 were identified as high protein and Fe/Zn containing rice lines. In view of our findings and previous studies, where significant Gene Environment (G E) effect has been reported on grain nutritive traits, molecular markers are of great use for intensive screening of large populations and identification of environmentally stable outperforming genotypes. The genomic sequence of candidate genes governing micronutrient content in rice were, thus, analysed in silico for identification of novel gene specific markers (SSRs and SNPs) and expression sequence tags (ESTs and MPSS) to understand putative expression pattern. Further, to confirm in silico expression results and functionally characterized Fe and Zn homeostasis related genes, root and shoot transcriptome analysis of a set of 12 diverse rice genotypes was carried out for expression of 21 metal homeostasis related genes belonging to OsYSLs, OsFROs, OsZIPs, OsNRAMPs and OsFERs families, and OsNAAT1, OsVIT1, OsNAC and OsNAS2 genes. A total of 176 novel SNPs and 39 novel SSRs were identified within metal related genes, which can be used for developing gene specific markers. The ESTs and MPSS tag based in silico expression analysis results were in consistency to the semi-quantitative RT-PCR based transcriptome analysis. Expression profiling of rice root and shoot transcriptome at maximum tillering and mid-grain filling stages revealed high level of expression of most of the Fe and Zn uptake and transport related genes in genotypes showing higher grain Fe and Zn concentrations. The rice genotypes with high grain protein and micronutrients, identified in this study, will provide the basis of bioavailability assay and will also serve as potential genetic material for molecular breeding of nutrient rich rice

High-yielding, drought-tolerant, stable rice genotypes for the shallow rainfed lowland drought-prone ecosystem

Abstract not availableA. Kumar, S.B. Verulkar, N.P. Mandal, M. Variar, V.D. Shukla, J.L. Dwivedi, B.N. Singh, O.N. Singh, P. Swain, A.K. Mall, S. Robin, R. Chandrababu, A. Jain, S.M. Haefele, H.P. Piepho and A. Rama

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