Advancing Healthcare Service Efficacy by Optimizing Pharmaceutical Inventory Management: Leveraging ABC, VED Analysis for Trend Demand

Background: The modern world has witnessed significant advancements across various industries such as food, healthcare, fashion, economics, and education. Among these sectors, healthcare is essential, given its critical role in promoting the well-being of individuals and communities. Purpose: Pharmaceuticals are a significant part of the healthcare system, as they are a crucial factor in increasing life expectancy and are often considered the heart of the health industry. Maintaining effective inventory management for drugs is essential for pharmacists to provide efficient and reliable services to their patients. Methodology: The study thoroughly analyzes the cost and consumption data for each type of demand, to develop a well-suited review and issuance policy for the apothecary. Research Limitations/Implications: The paper delves into the ABC analysis, VED analysis, and trend demand for medical stores, making it a valuable resource for pharmacy stores seeking to optimize their operations and inventory management. Originality/Value: A total of 564 drugs were included in this study, and data were collected from random strip sales between October 2022 and Mar 2023. The study's findings can be used to make informed decisions about inventory planning and classification strategies. The model utilized in this study is based on three categories of medicines: high priority, medium priority, and low priority. By analyzing the demand for these medicines, they can be categorized based on their priority within the three core groups. Pharmacists can use the model to detect shortages and take proactive measures to avoid them by analyzing demand patterns and inventory levels

Detection of virulence determinants and its association with drug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most commonly noted significant nosocomial pathogen, because of its distribution, of multi drug resistance and expression of various virulence factors. This study was aimed to detect various resistance mechanism and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to determine the significant association between them.Methods: A total of 203 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included in this study. All isolates were detected for various virulence factors like Phospholipase, Hemolysin, Gelatinase and DNAse. Screening of β-lactamase like extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also done.Results: Of total 203 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa studied, 103 were from pus, 50 each from urine and respiratory samples. Virulence factors distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 80.3% ,70% , 71.4% , 44.8% and 34% were positive for hemolysin, phospholipase, gelatinase, DNAse and biofilm production respectively. Study on prevalence of various β-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated showed 25.6%, 24.1% and 10.3% were ESBL, MBL and AmpC producers respectively.Conclusions: This study suggests that production of virulence factors may not be significantly associated with antibiotic resistance. However, expression of certain virulence factors, most notably hemolysin and DNAse activity were significantly associated with β-lactamase production. Hence forth, future trends in clinical microbiology laboratories should focus on development of tests for the rapid detection of the most important virulence markers in addition to identification of pathogens and susceptibility pattern

Ferroelectric Domains,Tensor Pairs and Magnetoelectric Polarisability Properties of Single Ferrotroiodic Crystal

In this paper the Tensor components of the ferroelectric and Magneto electric  polarisability for the ferrotroidic crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb1/3)O3-xPbTiO3 are calculated theoretically using group theoretical methods  at the transition temperature 5ok, where magnetite undergoes a first order metal _insulator  transition, which lowers the crystallographic symmetry from cubic (m3m/Oh) to Rhombohedra(3m/C3v), again this crystal changed its structure into orthorhombic(mm2/C2v) or tetragonal structure(4mm/C4v) at certain temps

A study to assess the effectiveness of guava leaf tea in reducing blood glucose level among Type II Diabetic Adults residing at selected urban area Choolai, Chennai

India leads the world with the largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed the "diabetes capital of the world". According to the Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes in India currently around 40.9 million is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are taken. The main objective of the study was to compare the pre and post blood glucose level in relation to intake of guava leaf tea among clients in both experimental and control group. An experimental study with pre test post test research design was used and a sample of 60 Type II Diabetic Adults (30 in experimental and 30 in the control group) is selected by using simple random sampling technique. 50 ml of guava leaf tea was given to the clients in experimental group half hour after breakfast daily for 14 days. The conceptual framework was based on a modified model of wiedenbach’s helping Art of clinical nursing theory. The tool used for the study includes structured interview schedule and observation method using a glucometer. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: The findings of the study showed that there was a significant (p≤, 0.05) level with a confidence interval of 95% reduction in blood glucose level after administering guava leaf tea in the experimental group. The study reveals that greater significance of guava leaf tea was observed in the age group of 30-40 yrs, less duration of illness 0-1yr, and habit of doing exercise when compared to others. Guava leaf is cost effective, easily available, known by all people and improves the general well being of the clients, prevents them from developing complications and reduces the dosage of the drug

A study on medication adherence, medication related challenges faced and coping strategies adopted by visually impaired subjects in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Visual impairment poses a significant threat to proper medication practice leading to medication related challenges and some adopted self coping strategies with substantial impact on medication adherence. Visually impaired are potentially more likely to have unsafe medicine related practice which by itself is more rampant in general population. Studies related to them are largely unexplored and can provide data to improve disease management and health related quality of life. Objectives was to study the level of medication adherence, medication related challenges and self adopted coping strategies in visually impaired people.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study enrolling 204 subjects with VI was done. Medication adherence was assessed using MMAS. Medication related challenges and self-adopted coping strategies was assessed by using pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Majority of the subjects showed medium medication adherence with forgetfulness to take medicine as the main reason for non adherence. Difficulty in remembering the instructions, spilling of liquid medicine, taking wrong dose, difficulty in using topical medications were the most common challenges faced by them in daily drug administration. To overcome challenges locating the drugs at different places, finger felt volume for liquid medication, textural feeling of the drug or container, time tracking were the major self adopted coping strategies by the visually impaired subjects.Conclusions: Creating awareness of the medication related problem faced by visually impaired helps to provide adequate assistance to medication use and improve proper health care services in them

PREVALENCE OF VIRULENCE FACTORS AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP.

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify some of the virulence factors such as hemolysin, gelatinase, and biofilm production among the clinical isolates of enterococci.Methods: Hemolysin detection using sheep blood agar. Gelatine agar was used for gelatinase production, and tube adherence method was used fordetecting biofilm production.Results: Hemolysin production observed in 49% of isolates, gelatinase production in 41% of isolates, and 46% of isolates were produced biofilm.Conclusion: Virulence factors production was noticed more in Enterococcus faecalis than Enterococcus faecium. It is necessary to find theproduction of important virulence factors among the clinical isolates as they are always associated with virulence of the organism including drugresistance.Keywords: Hemolysin, Gelatinase, Biofilm, Enterococcus

Spray Deposition and Characterization of p-type Li doped NiO Thin Films

Undoped and lithium doped nickel oxide (Li doped NiO) thin films have been prepared onto glass substrates at 450 °C by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The effect of lithium (Li) concentrations on the structural, optical, photoluminescence and electrical properties of the Li doped NiO films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis- NIR spectrophotometer, Photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometer, Hot probe and Hall effect measurement system. The PL results confirmed that the band gap reduces when the lithium concentration increases. The structural properties of undoped and Li doped NiO films showed polycrystalline cubic structure. The optical transmittance and band gap values of the films decreases, while the absorption values increases with the increase in Li concentration. Moreover, it has been observed that the resistivity of the above films decreases with the increase in Li concentration

Sero Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children Using Two ELISA Kits

The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is based on circumstantial evidence in the absence of a gold standard in the majority of cases. Sero-diagnosis offers scope for an early diagnosis in a variety of clinical conditions and is simple to perform. A number of mycobacterial antigens have been used for antibody detection assays and several are available as kits in the market. This study was done to evaluate the value of antibody detection kits (ELISA) against the A60 antigen and 38kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis at the outpatient department of the Institute of Social Paediatrics, Government Stanley Hospital in collaboration with Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chennai. Thirty five children with pulmonary tuberculosis, 7 with TB lymphadenitis and 22 healthy controls were studied. In addition to routine investigations including gastric lavage for AFB culture, serum antibodies against the A60 and 38kDa antigens were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits. With A60, IgM serum levels were positive in 74% of pulmonary TB cases, 57% of TB lymphadenitis cases and 50% of controls. A60 IgG was positive in 17% of pulmonary TB, 86% of TB lymphadenitis and 14% of controls. The 38 kDa IgG antibody was positive in 37% of pulmonary and 86% of TB lymphadenitis cases and 27% of controls. Among 10 culture confirmed cases, A60 IgM was positive in 8, A60 IgG in 3 and 38kDa IgG in 5 patients. The sensitivity of the tests ranged between 29% and 71% and specificity between 50% and 86%. Although the numbers are small, the results suggest that serodiagnosis using the currently available antigens of M. tuberculosis is unlikely to be a confirmatory test for tuberculosis in children