Обеспечение безопасности при обращении с ядерными материалами на заводе по изготовлению твэл

Объектом исследования являются вопросы организации и функционирования систем физической защиты. Цель работы – формирование условий для безопасной эксплуатации ядерного объекта. В процессе исследования проводился анализ нормативно-правовых документов по вопросам организации и функционирования систем физической защиты и систем учета и контроля ядерных материалов на ядерном объекте, формирование требований к оснащению элементами комплекса инженерно- технических средств физической защиты внутренней зоны и периметра ядерного объекта. Был проведен анализ спектральных характеристик неизвестного источника ионизирующего излучения. В результате был получен проект по оснащению комплексом инженерно- технических средств физической защиты периметра и внутренней зоны ядерного объекта. Был определен изотопный состав неизвестного источника ионизирующего излучения, подсчитана его масса и активность.The object of research is the organization and functioning of physical protection systems. The work purpose – to create conditions for the safe operation of a nuclear facility. In the process of investigation the analysis of normative-legal documents on the organization and functioning of systems of physical protection and systems for accounting and control of nuclear materials at the nuclear facility, development of requirements for equipping of the complex of technical means of physical protection of the internal area and perimeter of a nuclear facility. An analysis was conducted of the spectral characteristics of an unknown source of ionizing radiation. The result was obtained the project to equip the complex of technical means of physical protection of the perimeter and internal zones of a nuclear facility. Was determined the isotopic composition of an unknown source of ionizing radiation, calculated its mass and activity

Исследование кинетики процессов пиролиза и газификации углей

Объектами исследования являются каменные и бурые угли и антрацит Кузнецкого и Канско-Ачинского месторождений. Цель работы – исследование кинетики процессов пиролиза и газификации и определение энергии активации исследуемых углей. В процессе исследования проводились измерения плотности и термогравиметрический анализ исследуемых углей, классификация моделей и расчет энергии активации, а также кинетических параметров углей, построение ТГ-кривых и зависимостей энергии активации от степени конверсии, сравнительный анализ результатов расчета.The objects of study are bituminous coal, lignite and anthracite from Kuznetsk and Kansk-Achinsk deposits. Objective - study of the kinetics of pyrolysis and gasification processes and the definition of the activation energy of the investigated coals. During the study we measured density and thermal gravimetric analysis, classifyed models and calculating the activation energy and the kinetic parameters of the coals, the construction of the TG curves and activation energy dependency on the degree of conversion, comparative analysis of the results of calculation

Определение снегозапасов Западной Сибири по расчётам на модели локального тепловлагообмена SPONSOR с использованием данных реанализа

Obtaining of reliable information about the characteristics of snow cover with high spatial and temporal resolution for large areas of Northern Eurasia, with rare or absent network of ground-based observations stations is an important and urgent task. Currently estimation of the value of the snow water equivalent (SWE) and the snow depth have a large degree of uncertainty, especially if we are moving from data at the point of observation stations to distributed space values. In this article, the simulations of SWE and the snow depth using Land-Surface Model (LSM) SPONSOR with input meteorological data taken from the ECMWF ERAInterim reanalysis was performed for Western Siberia for the period from 1979 to 2013. Fields of SWE and of the snow depth with high spatial and temporal resolution corresponding to the resolution of meteorological data of the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis (time step of 6 hours, the grid resolution of 0.75° × 0.75° in latitude and longitude) were obtained. For the entire period SWE data were compared with observations, as simulated using the model and taken directly from the reanalysis ERA-Interim at points corresponding of observation stations. Also comparison of observations and satellite data of SWE for points of observation stations was performed. Correlation coefficients between observations and model and satellite data for SWE and the snow depth were calculated for the period from 1979 to 2013. These correlation coefficients between observations and results of simulations using LSM SPONSOR for SWE, and especially for the snow depth are the best of all methods. Maps with high spatial resolution for SWE, obtained by different methods, were constructed for February averaged. Comparing of constructed maps shows significant uncertainty of the SWE fields, besides field’s distortions are not evenly distributed across the region. It appears that no one of these methods currently can be used as a reference (unique) to determine SWE in the absence of data of ground-based observations. Overall, model simulations using LSM SPONSOR somewhat overstate SWE, however, this overestimation is not more than 10–20% for most part of the territory, except in the South. Model data are reasonably well reproduce SWE for Central, Eastern and, most probably, for Northern parts of the region, differing from a real at 10–15%. Data from used satellite archive a few underestimate of SWE. SWE data taken directly from the reanalysis ERA-Interim, give large distortions of the SWE field: these values for Northern parts of the region, are likely greatly underestimated, and for Western and Eastern parts of the region – inflated. It is shown that in general, the method of simulation of snow cover characteristics using LSM SPONSOR with input data taken from the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis gives good results for the region of Western Siberia.Для территории Западной Сибири за период с 1979 по 2013 г. проведены расчёты снегозапасов и толщины снежного покрова с помощью модели локального тепловлагообмена SPONSOR с входными метеоданными, взятыми из реанализа ECMWF ERA-Interim. Показано, что коэффициенты корреляции между данными наблюдений и результатами численных расчётов на модели SPONSOR – наилучшие из всех методов. С помощью модели SPONSOR достаточно хорошо воспроизводятся данные снегозапасов по центральной, восточной и, наиболее вероятно, северной частям Западной Сибири

Examination and rehabilitation of speech disorders in a patient with subcortical aphasia

The article presents a case of clinical observation of subcortical aphasia. It analyzes the manifestations of speech disorders and disorders of higher mental functions in a patient with a stroke in the basin of the left middle cerebral artery and a hematoma of the left internal carotid artery,В статье рассматриваются проявления речевых расстройств и нарушений высших психических функций у пациентки с инсультом

Different tissue reaction of oesophagus and diaphragm after mesh hiatoplasty. Results of an animal study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Laparoscopic mesh-reinforcement of the hiatal region in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and paraesophageal hernia (PEH) reduces the risk of recurrence. However, there are still controversies about the technique of mesh placement, shape, structure and material. We therefore compared tissue integration and scar formation after implantation of two different polypropylene-meshes in a rabbit model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 20 female chinchilla rabbits were included in this study. Two different meshes (Polypropylene PP, Polyglecaprone 25 Composite PP-PG) were implanted on the abdominal diaphragm around the oesophagus. After 3 months the implanted meshes were excised en-bloc. Histological and morphological analyses were carried out accordingly proliferation rate, apoptosis and collagen type I/III ratio.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Regarding proliferation rate of oesophagus PP (9.31 ± 3.4%) and PP-PG (13.26 ± 2.54%) differ in a significant (p = 0.0097) way. In the diaphragm we found a significant (p = 0.00066) difference between PP (9.43 ± 1.45%) and PP-PG (18.73 ± 5.92%) respectively. Comparing oesophagus and diaphragm we could prove a significant difference within PP-PG-group (p = 0.0195). Within PP-group the difference reached no statistical significance (p = 0.88). We found analogous results regarding apoptosis.</p> <p>Furthermore, there is a significant (p = 0.00013) difference of collagen type I/III ratio in PP-PG (12.28 ± 0.8) compared to PP (8.44 ± 1,63) in case of oesophageal tissue. Concerning diaphragm we found a significant difference (p = 0.000099) between PP-PG (8.85 ± 0.81) and PP (6.32 ± 1.07) as well.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The histologic and morphologic characteristics after prosthetic enforcement of the hiatus in this animal model show a more distinct tissue integration using PP-PG compared to PP. Additionally, different wound healing and remodelling capability influence tissue integration of the mesh in diaphragm and oesophagus.</p

Ascorbic acid pre-treated quartz stimulates TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages through ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Inhalation of crystalline silica induces a pulmonary fibrotic degeneration called silicosis caused by the inability of alveolar macrophages to dissolve the crystalline structure of phagocytosed quartz particles. Ascorbic acid is capable of partially dissolving quartz crystals, leading to an increase of soluble silica concentration and to the generation of new radical sites on the quartz surface. The reaction is specific for the crystalline forms of silica. It has been already demonstrated an increased cytotoxicity and stronger induction of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by ascorbic acid pre-treated quartz (QA) compared to untreated quartz (Q) in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Taking advantage of the enhanced macrophage response to QA as compared to Q particles, we investigated the first steps of cell activation and the contribution of early signals generated directly from the plasma membrane to the production of TNF-α, a cytokine that activates both inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we demonstrate that TNF-α mRNA synthesis and protein secretion are significantly increased in RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with QA as compared to Q particles, and that the enhanced response is due to an increase of intracellular ROS. Plasma membrane-particle contact, in the absence of phagocytosis, is sufficient to trigger TNF-α production through a mechanism involving membrane lipid peroxidation and this appears to be even more detrimental to macrophage survival than particle phagocytosis itself.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Taken together these data suggest that an impairment of pulmonary macrophage phagocytosis, i.e. in the case of alcoholic subjects, could potentiate lung disease in silica-exposed individuals.</p

ЭПЛАН (МАЗЬ, РАСТВОР) – НОВЫЙ ПРЕПАРАТ ДЛЯ МЕСТНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФЕКЦИИ КОЖИ И МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ В МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНОМ СТАЦИОНАРЕ

The paper presents the results of a multicenter postmarketing clinical laboratory study of Eplan ointment and eplan solution for the topical treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in outpatient, inpatient, and field settings. The results of the study in 793 patients with skin and soft tissue infections of different locations and genesis demonstrate the high clinical efficacy of the medicaments along with their easy-to-use formulation and economic availability. В статье представлены результаты постмаркетингового многоцентрового клинико-лабораторного исследования препаратов Эплан мазь и Эплан раствор, предназначенных для местного лечения инфекции кожи и мягких тканей (ИКМТ) в амбулаторных, стационарных и военно-полевых условиях. Результаты проведенного исследования у 793 больных с ИКМТ различной локализации и генеза демонстрируют высокую клиническую эффективность препаратов наряду с их удобной лекарственной формой и экономической доступностью.