Serum nitric oxide and homocysteine as biomarkers of ectopic pregnancy

Background: Aim of current study was to evaluate the role of serum homocysteine and nitric oxide in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: The study included 32 patients with ruptured ectopic, 29 miscarriage patients and 30 normal pregnant women as controls. Fasting plasma homocysteine, serum folate, vitamin B12 levels and nitric oxide levels were estimated at the time of admission.Results: Plasma homocysteine levels were significantly lower in patients with ectopic pregnancy than normal pregnancy. Nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in patients with abortion.Conclusions: Patients with abortion have decreased circulating nitric oxide levels in serum while those with ectopic pregnancies have decreased homocysteine levels.

Synergistic effect of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate causing symptomatic hypocalcemia in a preeclamptic patient

Magnesium sulfate has an established role as an anticonvulsant. Hypocalcemia with magnesium sulfate therapy is a well-known complication but rarely encountered in clinical practice. Concurrent use of nifedipine may unmask hypocalcemia in these patients. The resulting hypocalcemia can lead to acute cardiac events endangering patient's life

A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Intravaginal Misoprostol and Intracervical Dinoprostone in Pre Induction Cervical Ripening

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical dinoprostone for preinduction cervical ripening. Material andMethods: It was a randomized controlled trial conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology, JIPMER, Puducherry. Three hundred women with Bishop score of 6, were assigned randomly to receive either intravaginal misoprostol 25 μg every four hours for four doses, and intracervical dinoprostone gel 0.5 mg every eight hours for two doses. (one hundred women in each group). Oxytocin was initiated as per standardized protocol, if the cervix was favourable. If the cervical ripening was unsuccessful (Bishop score 6) after the maximum doses of drugs in both the groups, then further treatment was individualized. Efficacy and cost of the drugs were compared in both groups. Results: Primary outcome measure was change in Bishop score. Mean Bishop score change at the end of 16 hours was significantly higher in the misoprostol group, (2.57±0.59) compared to dinoprostone group (2.17±0.10, p=0.016). This finding was inspite of the fact that the dinoprostone group had higher Bishop score prior to the ripening.(3.55±0.56 vs 3.28±0.77, p=0.006). Secondary outcome measures such as mean intervention-delivery interval, oxytocin requirement, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar in both the groups. Overall mean cost of ripening agent per patient was significantly less in the misoprostol group, (22.56±93.16 rupees) compared to dinoprostone group (493.89±173.99 rupees, p0.0001).Conclusion: Low dose misoprostol is as effective as dinoprostone in cervical ripening and demonstrates similar fetal and maternal safety profile

Furosemide in postpartum management of severe preeclampsia: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Hypertension in the postpartum period is a common phenomenon and is often a cause for concern. Following delivery, fluid that has been sequestered in the extravascular space is mobilized, producing a large auto-infusion of fluid from the extravascular to the intravascular compartment. As a result of this fluid mobilization process, there is an increase in central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, which might favor the development of pulmonary edema. Thus, diuretics logically might be a better choice as antihypertensive medication in such a scenario. Methods: A total of 108 antenatal women diagnosed with having severe preeclampsia, with two high blood pressure recordings of ≥150/100 mm of Hg in the postpartum period within the first 24 hours of delivery, were enrolled in the study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group A: furosemide 20 mg OD + nifedipine & Group B: nifedipine alone). Main outcome measures studied were reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, requirement of additional antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure, duration of hospital stay, and antihypertensive requirement at discharge. Results: Both groups were comparable for distribution of age and parity and presence of imminent symptoms and eclampsia. There was no significant difference in mean systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures (MAPs) between both the groups at admission. Mean gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks in both the groups. Requirement of additional antihypertensive was significantly higher in women in group B (26.0% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.017). Duration of hospital and postpartum stay and the use of antihypertensive at discharge were similar in both the groups Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of a short course of furosemide along with nifedipine significantly reduces the need of additional antihypertensive in severe preeclamptic women with postpartum hypertension when compared to women who received nifedipine alone

Study comparing 3 hour and 24 hour post-operative removal of bladder catheter and vaginal pack following vaginal surgery: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Background Traditional practice after vaginal hysterectomy was to keep the vaginal pack and urinary catheter for 24 hours post operatively. But there were studies that prolonged cathterisation was associated with urinary infection. So this study was conducted to compare the post operative outcome when the urinary catheter and vaginal pack were removed after 3 hours and after 24 hours after surgery. Methods The study was done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in a tertiary teaching institute of South India from September 2008 to March 2010. It was a randomised controlled trial involving 200 women undergoing vaginal surgery, who were randomly assigned to 2 groups – catheter and vaginal pack were removed either in 3 h in study group or were removed in 24 h in control group. The outcome of the study were vaginal bleeding, urinary retention, febrile morbidity, and urinary infection. Results There was no significant difference between the study and control groups with respect to vaginal bleeding (0 and 1%, p = 1), urinary retention (9 and 4%, p = 0.15), febrile morbidity (7 and 4%, p = 0.35), and urinary infection (26% in each group, p = 1.0). Conclusion Keeping the urinary catheter and vaginal pack for 24 h following vaginal surgery does not offer any additional benefit against removing them after 3 h

Prophylactic magnesium sulphate in prevention of eclampsia in women with severe preeclampsia: randomised controlled trial (PIPES trial)

Optimum dose, route and duration of use of prophylactic magnesium sulphate in women with severe pre-eclampsia is still controversial. We compared the efficacy and safety of ‘low-dose Dhaka’ regime with ‘Loading dose only’ regime for seizure prophylaxis in severe preeclampsia using a randomised controlled trial in 402 women. The incidence of eclampsia in the ‘low-dose Dhaka’ regime group was 1.49% and that in the ‘Loading dose only regime’ was 2.98% (p = .321). In the low-dose Dhaka regime, injection site abscess and respiratory depression occurred in one woman each. Neonatal outcomes such as Apgar score at 5 minutes (5.0% vs. 8.05% p = .251) and perinatal mortality (20.4% vs. 21.9%, p = .724) were similar in both groups. Loading dose only regime may be considered an effective alternative regime for the prevention of eclampsia in women with severe preeclampsia.Impact statement What is already known on this subject: Efficacy of therapeutic short regime magnesium sulphate in eclampsia has already been reported. Data regarding prophylactic short regime in women with preeclampsia is sparse. What the results of this study add: We have shown that short regime of magnesium sulphate using only the loading dose in the prevention of seizure in preeclampsia is an effective alternative to the low-dose Dhaka regime. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: The short regime is less resource-intensive. Further larger studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this short regime and to establish its cost-effectiveness