Loopy: Programmable and Formally Verified Loop Transformations

Abstract. This paper presents a system, Loopy, for programming loop transformations. Manual loop transformation can be tedious and errorprone, while fully automated methods do not guarantee improvements. Loopy takes a middle path: a programmer specifies a loop transformation at a high level, which is then carried out automatically by Loopy, and formally verified to guard against specification and implementation mistakes. Loopy’s notation offers considerable flexibility with assembling transformations, while automation and checking prevent errors. Loopy is implemented for the LLVM framework, building on a polyhedral compilation library. Experiments show substantial improvements over fully automated loop transformations, using simple and direct specifications

Predicting Document Coverage for Relation Extraction

This paper presents a new task of predicting the coverage of a text document for relation extraction (RE): does the document contain many relational tuples for a given entity? Coverage predictions are useful in selecting the best documents for knowledge base construction with large input corpora. To study this problem, we present a dataset of 31,366 diverse documents for 520 entities. We analyze the correlation of document coverage with features like length, entity mention frequency, Alexa rank, language complexity and information retrieval scores. Each of these features has only moderate predictive power. We employ methods combining features with statistical models like TF-IDF and language models like BERT. The model combining features and BERT, HERB, achieves an F1 score of up to 46%. We demonstrate the utility of coverage predictions on two use cases: KB construction and claim refutation

LM-KBC 2023: 2^nd Challenge on Knowledge Base Construction from Pre-trained Language Models

Large language models (LLMs) like chatGPT [1] have advanced a range of semantic tasks and are being ubiquitously used for knowledge extraction. Although several works have explored this ability by crafting prompts with in-context or instruction learning, the viability of complete and precise knowledge base construction from LMs is still in its nascent form. In the 2nd edition of this challenge, we invited participants to extract disambiguated knowledge triples from LMs for a given set of subjects and relations. In crucial difference to existing probing benchmarks like LAMA [2], we made no simplifying assumptions on relation cardinalities, i.e., a subject-entity can stand in relation with zero, one, or many object-entities. Furthermore, submissions needed to go beyond just ranking predicted surface strings, and materialize disambiguated entities in the output, which were evaluated using established KB metrics of precision, recall, and F1-score. The challenge had two tracks: (1) a small model track, where models with &lt; 1 billion parameters could be probed, and (2) an open track, where participants could use any LM of their choice. We received seven submissions, two for track 1 and five for track 2. We present the contributions and insights of the submitted peer-reviewed submissions and lay out the possible paths for future work. All the details related to the challenge can be found on our website at https://lm-kbc.github.io/challenge2023/.</p

Is Indian spot electricity price series stationary?

Day-ahead spot electricity market of Indian energy exchange operates all 24 hours, 365 days a year. Many studies in literature have explored modeling spot electricity prices particularly in the context of NordPool, CalPx and PJM markets but very few studies in literature have explored modeling spot electricity prices in Indian context. Is Indian Spot Electricity Price Series Stationary? Answering this fundamental question paves way for application of techniques inspired from time series econometric modeling and forecasting literature which makes an inherent assumption that the underlying price-series is stationary. In this study we empirically investigate whether Spot Electricity Price Series is Stationary by using 17,520 hourly spot prices for each of the five regions of Indian electricity market and applying Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test, Phillips Peron Test, Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin Test and Narayan and Popp Test allowing for structural breaks. The results of the study will help power market participants understand the nitty-gritty's and nuances associated with Indian spot electricity prices for effective application of time series econometric models

Exploring of Antimicrobial Activity of Triphala Mashi—an Ayurvedic Formulation

Triphala Mashi is an ayurvedic formulation that was prepared in our lab. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and Triphala Mashi were used, to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Comparative phytochemical profile of Triphala and Triphala Mashi was done by preliminary phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antimicrobial activity includes isolation of pathogens from clinical samples, its characterization, testing its multiple drug resistance against standard antibiotics and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and Triphala Mashi against these organisms by using agar gel diffusion method. Triphala Mashi containing phenolic compounds, tannins exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity in relation to Triphala against all the microorganisms tested. It inhibits the dose-dependent growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, it appears that Triphala Mashi has non-specific antimicrobial activity

Chondromyxoid fibroma of distal 1/3rd of fibula a rare tumour at rare site

Chondromyxoid fibromas are rare, benign tumours account for &lt;1% of primary bone neoplasms. Most commonly affected in 2nd and 3rdof life. We report one such case of chondromyxoid fibroma in distal fibula of a 15-year-old girl. The patient was managed with lower 3rd fibulectomy and fibular turnoplasty from middle 3rd fibula with 1/3rd tubular plate fixation for stabilization followed by bone grafting. The patient is disease free since 3 years.Keywords: Chondromyxoid fibroma, lower 1/3rd of fibula, Fibular Turnoplast

Evaluating the Effect of Non-cellular Bioactive Glass-Containing Scaffolds on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in in vivo Animal Bone Defect Models

The use of bone scaffolds to replace injured or diseased bone has many advantages over the currently used autologous and allogeneic options in clinical practice. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for non-cellular scaffolds containing bioactive glass on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in animal bone defect models. Studies that reported results of osteogenesis via micro-CT and results of angiogenesis via Microfil perfusion or immunohistochemistry were included in the review. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus was carried out in November 2019 from which nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite the significant heterogeneity in the composition of the scaffolds used in each study, it could be concluded that scaffolds containing bioactive glass improve bone regeneration in these models, both by osteogenic and angiogenic measures. Incorporation of additional elements into the glass network, using additives, and using biochemical factors generally had a beneficial effect. Comparing the different compositions of non-cellular bioactive glass containing scaffolds is however difficult due to the heterogeneity in bioactive glass compositions, fabrication methods and biochemical additives used

Evaluation of early generation progenies, (F2) of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) crosses for seed yield and yield related characters

F2 generation of five crosses of fenugreek were evaluated for seed yield and its components along with parents. F2 generation had wider range than the parents for most of the characters in the crosses. Genetic parameter of variation also indicated that substantial amount of variability was generated in F2 of all the crosses which will be very useful in fenugreek improvement. Pods per plant had high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean in all the five crosses. Association analysis indicated that pods per plant had positive association with seed yield plant in all the five crosses. On the basis of the present study, selection for pods per plant in F2 generation of fenugreek crosses will be useful for improvement in seed yield. &nbsp

Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and growth habit in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew was studied by evaluating parents, F1 and F2 generations of cross UM-305 x UM-117 along with susceptible check varieties over the years for powdery mildew reaction. The F3 and F4 families of the cross were also evaluated along with the F1, parents and the check varieties for powdery mildew' reaction to confirm the results. X2 test was applied to test the fitness of assumed ratio. The inheritance pattern suggested resistance to powdery mildew was monogenic recessive. Results indicated that gene for powdery mildew resistance and gene for determinate growth habit assort independent of each other. &nbsp