Some Directions of using the Forensic Odorology in the Field of the Fixing Evidences in the Pre-Trial Proceedings in Ukraine

All over the world, the issue of detecting crimes committed is the main task of the state and its law enforcement agencies. The detection of crimes and the prosecution of those who committed them are in most cases based on evidence gathered by law enforcement officers. The issue of evidence is also quite debatable, because the legislation of different countries perceives different aspects of evidence and the evidence itself. The article covers the issue of individual issues related to obtaining evidence with the help of specially trained dogs. These forms and methods were used by Ukrainian law enforcement officials during their stay in the international peacekeeping mission in Kosovo. Currently, some evidence-gathering issues can be used in the process of investigating and prosecuting criminals with trained dogs. However, this area is not widely used, as there are a number of both practical and regulatory, as well as legislative problems. This direction in the activities of the police and other law enforcement agencies is called forensic odorology. The issue of using dogs in the process of detecting and investigating crimes is quite controversial and they are used differently in different countries

STATUS OF THE INVERSE FREE ELECTRON LASER EXPERIMENT AT THE NEPTUNE LABORATORY

Abstract We report on the status of the Inverse Free Electron Laser accelerator experiment under construction at the UCLA Neptune Laboratory. This experiment will use a 400 GW CO 2 laser to accelerate through a tapered undulator an electron beam from 14.5 MeV up to 55 MeV. The scheme proposed is the diffraction dominated IFEL interaction where the Rayleigh range of the laser beam is 3.5 cm, much shorter than the interaction length (the undulator length is 50 cm). The undulator is strongly tapered in both field and period. The present status of the experiment is reported

Status of the Inverse Free Electron Laser Experiment at the Neptune Laboratory

Abstract We report on the status of the Inverse Free Electron Laser accelerator experiment under construction at the UCLA Neptune Laboratory. This experiment will use a 400 GW CO 2 laser to accelerate through a tapered undulator an electron beam from 14.5 MeV up to 55 MeV. The scheme proposed is the diffraction dominated IFEL interaction where the Rayleigh range of the laser beam is 3.5 cm, much shorter than the interaction length (the undulator length is 50 cm). The undulator is strongly tapered in both field and period. The present status of the experiment is reported

Анализ потребности пациентов с увеальной меланомой в индивидуальном прогнозировании риска метастазирования

Molecular-genetic study of uveal melanoma (UM) is crucial in predicting the risk of metastasis of this tumor. Such analysis is also possible during organ-sparing treatment based on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), however, not all patients may consider this study appropriate and/or accessible.The goal of this study was to analyze the needs of patients with UM for individual metastasis risk prognosis.This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a questionnaire in 94 patients with UM (mean age 60 ± 13 years; 69 % women and 31 % men). Despite the rather high proportion of interested patients (77 %), only half (51 %) of them ultimately agreed to undergo a ”prognostic” FNAB, which was primarily due to the high cost of this study (it was the main reason for refusal in 76 % of cases). Patients were mainly motivated to know their risk by: a sense of control of the situation and the possibility of taking preventive measures (78 %), future planning for themselves and/or their loved ones (47 %), the possibility of participating in metastatic UM treatment programs (35 %), receiving the maximum amount of information about the disease (28 %). Patients without such intention cited a fear of revealing a high risk of metastases and an impossibility of psychological stabilization based on results of this test.Predicting the risk of metastasis is an important component of an integrated approach to the management of patients with uveal melanoma, including organ-sparing treatment. State funding of this study will increase the satisfaction of psychological needs in this category of cancer patients and improve understanding of the metastasis of uveal melanoma.Молекулярно-генетическое исследование увеальной меланомы (УМ) имеет решающее значение в прогнозировании риска метастазирования этой опухоли. Такой анализ возможен в том числе при проведении органосохраняющего лечения на материале тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии (ТИАБ), однако не все пациенты могут считать данное исследование целесообразным и/или доступным.Цель: проведение анализа потребности пациентов с УМ в индивидуальном прогнозировании риска развития метастазов.Данное ретроспективное когортное исследование проводилось методом анкетирования 94 пациентов с УМ (средний возраст 60 ± 13 лет; 69 % женщин и 31 % мужчин).Несмотря на достаточно высокое число желающих (77 %), только половина (51 %) пациентов в конечном счете были согласны на проведение «прогностической» ТИАБ, что в первую очередь обусловлено высокой стоимостью данного исследования (в 76 % являлось основной причиной отказа). Среди основных мотивов желания знать риск отмечались следующие: ощущение контроля ситуации и возможность проведения профилактических мер (78 %), планирование дальнейшей жизни для себя и/или близких (47 %), возможность участия в программах лечения метастатической формы УМ (35 %), получение максимального количества информации о заболевании (28 %). Мотивы для отсутствия такого намерения связаны со страхом перед выявлением высокого риска развития метастазов и невозможностью стабилизации психологического состояния по результатам тестирования.Прогнозирование риска метастазирования опухоли является важной составляющей комплексного подхода в ведении пациентов с увеальной меланомой, в том числе при проведении органосохраняющего лечения. Возможность проведения данного исследования на бюджетной основе позволит повысить уровень удовлетворенности психологических потребностей у данной категории онкологических пациентов и улучшить понимание метастатических процессов увеальной меланомы

Оценка риска метастазирования при проведении «прогностической» тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии увеальной меланомы

Despite the widespread u se of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of uveal melanoma (UM) for prognostic purposes, there are still doubts about the safety of this procedure. No analysis of such data can be found in domestic literature, and foreign authors have published only a few papers on this issue.The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk of metastasis in patients with UM during FNAB.Two groups of patients were formed: the main group, where FNAB was performed during brachytherapy (BT) (BT + FNAB) (n = 70), and the control group, where only BT was performed (n = 144).According to the obtained data, the probability of metastases during a 3‑year follow-up period did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.22 by Fisher's exact test and p = 0.11 by log-rank test when assessing survival using the Kaplan – Meier method), the relative risk (RR) was 1.43 [95 % CI 0.79 to 2.24]. In addition, there was no significant difference in the main clinical outcomes of local treatment associated with worse prognosis: the degree of tumor regression (p = 0.46), extrascleral growth, the need for additional brachytherapy (p = 0.32) or secondary enucleation (p = 0.99).The absence of a significant difference in patient survival between the BT and BT + FNAB groups opens up prospects for a more extensive use of FNAB in patients with UM for prognostic purposes.Аннотация: Несмотря на широкое использование тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии (ТИАБ) увеальной меланомы (УМ) с прогностической целью, до сих пор высказываются сомнения в безопасности этой процедуры. При этом в отечественной литературе анализ таких данных не проводился, а среди зарубежных авторов по этой теме встречаются лишь единичные работы.Цель: проведение анализа риска метастазирования у пациентов с УМ при проведении ТИАБ.Были сформированы 2 группы пациентов: основная, где при проведении брахитерапии (БТ) одномоментно выполняли ТИАБ (БТ + ТИАБ) (n = 70), и контрольная, где проводилась только БТ (n = 144).Согласно полученным данным, вероятность возникновения метастазов в период 3‑летнего наблюдения в обеих группах не имеет статистически значимой разницы (p = 0,22 по точному критерию Фишера и p = 0,11 по логарифмическому ранговому критерию при оценке выживаемости методом Каплана – Майера), относительный риск (RR) составил 1,43 (95 % доверительный интервал от 0,79 до 2,24). Кроме того, не отмечалось статистически значимой разницы при оценке основных клинических исходов локального лечения, ассоциированных с ухудшением прогноза: степень регрессии опухоли (p = 0,46), экстрасклеральный рост, необходимость проведения дополнительной брахитерапии (p = 0,32) или вторичной энуклеации (p = 0,99).Отсутствие статистически значимой разницы в выживаемости пациентов в группах БТ и БТ + ТИАБ открывает перспективы для более масштабного применения ТИАБ у пациентов с УМ с прогностической целью

Storage of Factor VIII Variants with Impaired von Willebrand Factor Binding in Weibel-Palade Bodies in Endothelial Cells

BACKGROUND: Point mutations resulting in reduced factor VIII (FVIII) binding to von Willebrand factor (VWF) are an important cause of mild/moderate hemophilia A. Treatment includes desmopressin infusion, which concomitantly increases VWF and FVIII plasma levels, apparently from storage pools containing both proteins. The source of these VWF/FVIII co-storage pools and the mechanism of granule biogenesis are not fully understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied intracellular trafficking of FVIII variants implicated in mild/moderate hemophilia A together with VWF in HEK293 cells and primary endothelial cells. The role of VWF binding was addressed using FVIII variants displaying reduced VWF interaction. Binding studies using purified FVIII proteins revealed moderate (Arg2150His, Del2201, Pro2300Ser) to severe (Tyr1680Phe, Ser2119Tyr) VWF binding defects. Expression studies in HEK293 cells and primary endothelial cells revealed that all FVIII variants were present within VWF-containing organelles. Quantitative studies showed that the relative amount of FVIII storage was independent of various mutations. Substantial amounts of FVIII variants are co-stored in VWF-containing storage organelles, presumably by virtue of their ability to interact with VWF at low pH. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the potential of FVIII co-storage with VWF is not affected in mild/moderate hemophilia A caused by reduced FVIII/VWF interaction in the circulation. These data support the hypothesis that Weibel-Palade bodies comprise the desmopressin-releasable FVIII storage pool in vivo

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF NONISCHEMIC (ARTERIAL) PRIAPISM

The article analyzes information on prevalence, etiology, peculiarities of differential diagnosis, as well as indications and methods of surgical treatment of non-ischemic (arterial) priapism. The literature data are supplemented by the results of our own observations.The disease is characterized by a rarity and significant differences in therapeutic tactics in comparison with ischemic (venous) priapism. Arterial priapism occurs about 50 times less often than venous and in most cases is secondary to trauma of the penis, perineum or congenital abnormalities of the vessels of the penis. Primary, that is, unclear etiology, arterial priapism is described as a casuistic rarity.Laboratory-confirmed arterial priapism is a planned situation, not requiring immediate measures to stop the pathological erection, while the outcome of venous priapism directly depends on the duration of the disease and the success of emergency urological care.The main method of differential diagnosis of hemodynamic forms of priapism is the gasometry of blood obtained by puncture of cavernous bodies. The absence of hypoxia is a pathognomonic symptom of arterial priapism and serves as a rationale for angiography, the task of which is the topical diagnosis of vascular disorders.The revealed pathological vascular joints undergo superselective embolization. The effectiveness of the technique in terms of stopping the pathological erection is close to 100%.Surgical tactics do not depend on the etiology of arterial priapism: posttraumatic and “non-traumatic” variants of the disease imply an absolutely identical approach.Expectant  tactics  regarding  arterial  priapism  are  the  subject  of  scientific  discussion.  Despite  the  possibility  of an independent cessation of pathological erection with arterial priapism, due to the risk of developing cavernous fibrosis, expectant management is appropriate only in children with undisputed posttraumatic etiology of the disease. The observation period should not exceed 3–4 weeks.The prognosis of arterial priapism is much better than venous. Arterial priapism, as well as endovascular methods of its treatment are not accompanied by the risk of acute cavernitis. Erectile function, provided the timeliness of the intervention is preserved in virtually all patients

Dilabifilum – like alga (Chlorophyta) from the seabord solonchak soils

Considered Dilabitfilum - as algae (Chlorophyta) from solonchak soils