A Review on Advanced Decision Trees for Efficient & Effective k-NN Classification

K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) strategy is a notable classification strategy in data mining and estimations in light of its direct execution and colossal arrangement execution. In any case, it is outlandish for ordinary KNN strategies to select settled k esteem to all tests. Past courses of action assign different k esteems to different test tests by the cross endorsement strategy however are typically tedious. This work proposes new KNN strategies, first is a KTree strategy to learn unique k esteems for different test or new cases, by including a training arrange in the KNN classification. This work additionally proposes a change rendition of KTree technique called K*Tree to speed its test organize by putting additional data of the training tests in the leaf node of KTree, for example, the training tests situated in the leaf node, their KNNs, and the closest neighbor of these KNNs. K*Tree, which empowers to lead KNN arrangement utilizing a subset of the training tests in the leaf node instead of all training tests utilized in the recently KNN techniques. This really reduces the cost of test organize

Milk: Past and Present

Although milk/dairy consumption is part of many cultures and is recommended in most dietary guidelines around the world, its contribution to overall diet quality remains a matter of controversy, leading to a highly polarized debate within the scientific community, media and public sector. The present article, at first, describes the evolutionary roots of milk consumption, then reviews the milk-derived bioactive peptides as health-promoting components. The third part of the article, in general, presents the associations between milk nutrients, disease prevention, and health promotion

Physicochemical studies and biological activity of mixed ligand complexes involving bivalent transition metals with a novel Schiff base and glycine as a representative amino acid

The mixed-ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) with 2-aminomethyl thiophenyl-4-bromosalicylaldehyde Schiff base (ATS) and glycine as a representative example of amino acids have been achieved. These complexes namely [Ni(ATS)(Gly)] (1), [Co(ATS)(Gly)].H2O (2) [Mn(ATS)(Gly)].2H2O (3), and [Zn(ATS)(Gly)] (4) were characterized by elemental, molar conductance, infrared, magnetic moment, and electronic spectra. ATS behaves as mononegatively charged bidentate ligand with coordination through azomethine nitrogen and phenolate oxygen groups while glycine acts as monobasic bidentate ligand is coordinated via amino and ionized carboxylate group after deprotonation. The low molar conductance values suggest the non-electrolytic nature of these complexes. The magnetic and spectral data indicates a square planar geometry for Ni(II) complex, tetrahedral geometry for Zn(II) and octahedral geometry for both Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes. The isolated chelates have been screened for their antimicrobial activity

Promene ekscitabilnosti motorne kore udružene sa zamorom mišića kod obolelih od Parkinsonove bolesti

Background/Aim. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a standard technique for noninvasive assessment of changes in central nervous system excitability. The aim of this study was to examine changes in responses to TMS in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) during sustained submaximal isometric voluntary contraction [60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] of the adductor pollicis muscle, as well as during a subsequent recovery period. Methods. Cortical excitability was tested by single TMS pulses of twice of the motor threshold intensity applied over the vertex. Testing was carried out during the sustained contraction phase every 10 s before and every 5 s after the endurance point, as well as at rest and during brief 60% MVC contractions before (control), immediately after the sustained contraction, and at 5 min intervals during the recovery period. Results. Although the PD patients could sustain the contraction at the required level for as long period of time as the healthy subjects (though contraction level subsided more rapidly after the endurance point), effects of muscle fatigue on the responses to TMS were different. In contrast to the findings observed in the healthy people where motor evoked potentials (MEP) and EMG silent period (SP) in fatigued muscle gradually diminished during contraction up to the endurance point, and increased thereafter, in the majority of patients no changes occurred in MEP size (peak and area) of the adductor pollicis muscle, either before or after the endurance point. On the other hand, changes in the SP of this muscle differed among the subjects, showing a gradual increase, a decrease or no changes in duration. The trends of changes in both MEP size and SP duration in the musculus brachioradialis varied among the tested PD patients, without any consistent pattern, which was in contrast with the findings in the healthy people where both measures showed a gradual increase from the beginning of the sustained contraction. A complete dissociation between changes in MEP and SP during fatigue was also of note, which differed sharply from the findings in the healthy people in who fatigue induced changes in these measures followed identical patterns. Conclusion. These results in the PD patients suggest the presence of impairment and/or compensatory changes in mechanisms responsible for adaptation of voluntary drive as well as for matching between cortical excitation and inhibition which become manifest in demanding motor tasks such as those imposed by muscle fatigue.Uvod/Cilj. Transkranijalna magnetna stimulacija (TMS) je standardna tehnika za neinvazivnu procenu promena ekscitabilnosti centralnog nervnog sistema. Cilj rada je bio da se prikažu promene odgovora na TMS kod obolelih od Parkinsonove bolesti (PB) za vreme trajanja submaksimalne voljne izometrijske kontrakcije [60% maksimalne voljne kontrakcije (MVK)] mišića adductor pollicis, kao i tokom perioda oporavka. Metode. Kortikalna ekscitabilnost testirana je TMS pulsevima dvostruko većeg intenziteta od motornog praga. Testiranje je vršeno za vreme održavanja kontrakcije na svakih 10 s do tačke izdržljivosti i na svakih 5 s posle toga, a, takođe, u miru kao i za vreme kratkotrajnih 60% MVK u periodu pre (kontrola), neposredno posle održavanja kontrakcije, i u intervalima od pet minuta za vreme perioda oporavka. Rezultati. Iako su bolesnici sa PB mogli da održavaju zahtevani nivo kontrakcije jednako dugo kao i zdravi ispitanici (mada je nivo opadao brže nakon tačke izdržljivosti), efekti mišićnog zamora na odgovor izazvan TMS-om bili su različiti. Za razliku od zdravih ispitanika kod kojih se motorni evocirani potencijali (MEP) i trajanje perioda EMG tišine (PT) u zamaranom mišiću postepeno smanjuju tokom kontrakcije do tačke izdržljivosti, a zatim rastu, kod većine bolesnika nije došlo do promena veličine (maksimalna amplituda i površina) MEP mišića adductor pollicis, bilo pre ili posle tačke izdržljivosti. S druge strane, promene PT ovog mišića su se razlikovale među ispitanicima, pokazujući bilo postepeno povećanje, smanjenje ili odsustvo promena. Promene kako amplitude MEP tako i trajanje PT u EMG mišića brahioradialisa varirale su među bolesnicima sa PB, bez nekog dominantnog obrasca, po čemu su se, takođe, razlikovale od promena nađenih kod zdravih ispitanika, kod kojih su se oba parametra postepeno povećavala od početka održavanja tonične kontrakcije. Upadljiva je, takođe, i potpuna disocijacija između promena MEP i PT tokom zamora, što je u oštroj suprotnosti sa nalazom kod zdravih ispitanika gde su promene ovih parametara pratile identičan obrazac. Zaključak. Rezultati kod bolesnika sa PB ukazuju na postojanje oštećenja i/ili kompenzatornih promena mehanizmima odgovornih za adaptaciju voljne pobude i usklađivanja kortikalne eksitacije i inhibicije, koji se manifestuju tokom mišićnog zamora i u drugim zahtevnim motornim zadacima

Kulturna geografija - aspekt i disciplina društvene geografije

Cultural geography was created as a reaction to geographic determinism and a static descriptive approach in researching the characteristics of cultural elements and forms distribution in classical anthropogeography. An American geographer Carl Sauer (1925) is considered to be its founder, although its aspects were present in Anthropogeography and Human geography (Géographie humaine) before. Even today, Cultural geography is defined differently: as a strict science with its methodological apparatus, or as an aspect or way of looking in geography. Sauer has defined this science in the spirit of the possibilistic concept of geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache. In the spirit of this concept, Jovan Cvijić's Serbian anthropogeography school was developed, which also has an expressive cultural-geographical aspect. The aim of this paper is to discuss issues of subject and methodological essence of Cultural geography in the light of different approaches and directions of development.Kulturna geografija je nastala kao reakcija na geografski determinizam i statični deskriptivni pristup u istraživanjima osobenosti rasprostranjenja kulturnih elemenata i formi u klasičnoj antropogeografiji. Njenim osnivačem smatra se američki geograf Karl Sauer (Sauer, 1925), iako su njeni aspekti bili zastupljeni i ranije u antropogeografiji i geografiji čoveka (Géographie humaine). I danas se kulturna geografija definiše različito - kao stroga nauka sa svojim metodološkim aparatom, ili kao aspekt ili način posmatranja u geografiji. Sauer je definisao ovu nauku u duhu posibilističkog koncepta geografije Pol Vidal de la Blaša. U duhu tog koncepta razvijala se i srpska antropogeografska škola Jovana Cvijića, koja takođe ima izrazit kulturno-geografski aspekt. Cilj ovoga rada je da razmotri pitanja predmetne i metodološke suštine kulturne geografije, u svetlu različitih pristupa i pravaca razvoja

An Autonomous Wearable System for Predicting and Detecting Localised Muscle Fatigue

Muscle fatigue is an established area of research and various types of muscle fatigue have been clinically investigated in order to fully understand the condition. This paper demonstrates a non-invasive technique used to automate the fatigue detection and prediction process. The system utilises the clinical aspects such as kinematics and surface electromyography (sEMG) of an athlete during isometric contractions. Various signal analysis methods are used illustrating their applicability in real-time settings. This demonstrated system can be used in sports scenarios to promote muscle growth/performance or prevent injury. To date, research on localised muscle fatigue focuses on the clinical side and lacks the implementation for detecting/predicting localised muscle fatigue using an autonomous system. Results show that automating the process of localised muscle fatigue detection/prediction is promising. The autonomous fatigue system was tested on five individuals showing 90.37% accuracy on average of correct classification and an error of 4.35% in predicting the time to when fatigue will onset

Foreign lexemes in the Tikvesh region toponymy.

Istražuvaweto pokaža deka vo toponimjata na Tikvešijata se sre}avaat golem broj leksemi od tu|o poteklo. Vo statijava se razgleduvaat pove}e toponimi vo koi se vlo`eni apelativi od supstratnata, grčkata, latinskata, germanskata i turskata leksika.Our research has been focused on the lexemes of different origins that can be found within the Tikvesh regional toponymy. This article has emphasized several toponyms that possess appellatives from the old Balkan linguistic substratum, Greek, Latin, German and Turkish

Kulturna geografija - aspekt i disciplina društvene geografije

Cultural geography was created as a reaction to geographic determinism and a static descriptive approach in researching the characteristics of cultural elements and forms distribution in classical anthropogeography. An American geographer Carl Sauer (1925) is considered to be its founder, although its aspects were present in Anthropogeography and Human geography (Géographie humaine) before. Even today, Cultural geography is defined differently: as a strict science with its methodological apparatus, or as an aspect or way of looking in geography. Sauer has defined this science in the spirit of the possibilistic concept of geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache. In the spirit of this concept, Jovan Cvijić's Serbian anthropogeography school was developed, which also has an expressive cultural-geographical aspect. The aim of this paper is to discuss issues of subject and methodological essence of Cultural geography in the light of different approaches and directions of development.Kulturna geografija je nastala kao reakcija na geografski determinizam i statični deskriptivni pristup u istraživanjima osobenosti rasprostranjenja kulturnih elemenata i formi u klasičnoj antropogeografiji. Njenim osnivačem smatra se američki geograf Karl Sauer (Sauer, 1925), iako su njeni aspekti bili zastupljeni i ranije u antropogeografiji i geografiji čoveka (Géographie humaine). I danas se kulturna geografija definiše različito - kao stroga nauka sa svojim metodološkim aparatom, ili kao aspekt ili način posmatranja u geografiji. Sauer je definisao ovu nauku u duhu posibilističkog koncepta geografije Pol Vidal de la Blaša. U duhu tog koncepta razvijala se i srpska antropogeografska škola Jovana Cvijića, koja takođe ima izrazit kulturno-geografski aspekt. Cilj ovoga rada je da razmotri pitanja predmetne i metodološke suštine kulturne geografije, u svetlu različitih pristupa i pravaca razvoja

The influence of solar activities on occurrence of the forest fires in south Europe

In mid-July 2012, hundreds of fires spread over forest stands in the south of Europe. Considering available satellite and meteorological data we have tried to determine a method using analogy, whether these fires were preceded by the intensified solar activity. The justification of this approach lies in the belief that it is impossible by direct or indirect activity of man to set fire at the same time to the sites that are geographically separated. In this paper we have tried to test the hypothesis claiming that charged particles coming to us from the Sun may be responsible for the number of forest fires. Unlike some other situations when the potential explanation could be a sudden influx of the protons of different energy ranges, in our study, there are electrons as carriers of the potential explanation. Many previous studies results have shown that there is statistically significant relationship between the processes on the Sun and certain movements of air masses in the atmosphere our planet. The presented results in this paper of the correlation relationships between the mean hourly flows of electrons and the mean hourly air temperatures in Belgrade and Rome and the analysis of the synoptic situation as a function of the suggested model so far, indicate that the number of fires that were occurring more than a week, from July 15, 2012, in the south of Europe, were caused by electrons coming from the Sun

Moderated Modernism - Between International and Local Contexts

Апстракт: Умерени модернизам је вишеслојан, комплексан, чак и контрадикторан појам. Имајући то у виду, циљ овог рада је покушај да се превазиђу проблеми који се тичу саме употребе појма и да се сагледају могућа уодношавања између музичких пракси на које се овај термин односи у европском и српском/југословенском контексту. У том смислу, фокусираћемо се на репрезентативне музичке и уметничке праксе 20. века. Такође, размотрићемо однос између модернизма као генеричког појма и умереног модернизма. Презентовање ове теме замишљено је као скуп различитих дефиниција овог појма и прегледа уметничких пракси како би се направила слика једног периода у историји.Summary: The term moderated modernism carries in itself a lot of multiplicities, complexities, and even contradictions. Having that in mind, the aim of this paper will be to try to surpass the problems concerning the use of the term, and to examine the correlations between musical practices in European and local (Serbian/Yugoslav) social contexts to whom the term is applied. In order to do so, the focus will be on the most representational practices of music and other arts of the 20th century. Among other questions, the question about the relation of modernism (as a generic term) and moderated modernism, or the relation between moderated modernism before and after the Second World War will be addressed. The presentation of this topic is imagined as a collection of definitions and overviews of artistic practices in order to create an image used to construct a time in history: how moderated modernism was used to create tradition, how it was used to promote, or be a part of a certain ideology, how it was created within ideologies, etc. and whether there are (or there are not) differences among sociological, political, artistic and many other contexts it can be found in