Synthesis and characterization of erbium trioxide nanoparticles as photocatalyzers for degradation of methyl orange dye

The present work focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) on erbium trioxide nanoparticles (Er2O3 NPs). In this study, Er2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized and fully characterized via various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, UV–visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of the prepared Er2O3 NPs was manifested in MO photodegradation. The optimum efficiency obtained was 16&thinsp;%.</p

Overall Survival with Fulvestrant plus Anastrozole in Metastatic Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND We previously reported prolonged progression-free survival and marginally prolonged overall survival among postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer who had been randomly assigned to receive the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole plus the selective estrogen-receptor down-regulator fulvestrant, as compared with anastrozole alone, as first-line therapy. We now report final survival outcomes. METHODS We randomly assigned patients to receive either anastrozole or fulvestrant plus anastrozole. Randomization was stratified according to adjuvant tamoxifen use. Analysis of survival was performed by means of two-sided stratified log-rank tests and Cox regression. Efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups, both overall and in subgroups. RESULTS Of 707 patients who had undergone randomization, 694 had data available for analysis. The combination-therapy group had 247 deaths among 349 women (71%) and a median overall survival of 49.8 months, as compared with 261 deaths among 345 women (76%) and a median overall survival of 42.0 months in the anastrozole-alone group, a significant difference (hazard ratio for death, 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CIS, 0.69 to 0.98; P=0.03 by the log-rank test). In a subgroup analysis of the two strata, overall survival among women who had not received tamoxifen previously was longer with the combination therapy than with anastrozole alone (median, 52.2 months and 40.3 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.92); among women who had received tamoxifen previously, overall survival was similar in the two groups (median, 48.2 months and 43.5 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.27) (P=0.09 for interaction). The incidence of long-term toxic effects of grade 3 to 5 was similar in the two groups. Approximately 45% of the patients in the anastrozole-alone group crossed over to receive fulvestrant. CONCLUSIONS The addition of fulvestrant to anastrozole was associated with increased long-term survival as compared with anastrozole alone, despite substantial crossover to fulvestrant after progression during therapy with anastrozole alone. The results suggest that the benefit was particularly notable in patients without previous exposure to adjuvant endocrine therapy.National Cancer Institute; AstraZeneca6 month embargo; published 28 March 2019.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Phase 2 Study of Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin, or Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin with Concurrent Radiation Therapy Followed by Pemetrexed Consolidation in Patients with Favorable-Prognosis Inoperable Stage IIIA/B Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

IntroductionThere is no consensus chemotherapy regimen with concurrent radiotherapy (RT) for inoperable stage IIIA/B non–small-cell lung cancer. This trial evaluated pemetrexed with carboplatin (PCb) or cisplatin (PC) with concurrent RT followed by consolidation pemetrexed.MethodsIn this open-label, noncomparative phase II trial, patients with inoperable stage IIIA/B non–small-cell lung cancer (initially all histologies, later restricted to nonsquamous) were randomized (1:1) to PCb or PC with concurrent RT (64–68 Gy over days 1–45). Consolidation pemetrexed monotherapy was administered every 21 days for three cycles. Primary endpoint was 2-year overall survival (OS) rate.ResultsFrom June 2007 to November 2009, 98 patients were enrolled (PCb: 46; PC: 52). The 2-year OS rate was PCb: 45.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.5–60.0%); PC: 58.4% (95% CI, 42.6–71.3%), and in nonsquamous patients was PCb: 48.0% (95% CI, 29.0–64.8%); PC: 55.8% (95% CI, 38.0–70.3%). Median time to disease progression was PCb: 8.8 months (95% CI, 6.0–12.6 months); PC: 13.1 months (95% CI, 8.3–not evaluable [NE]). Median OS (months) was PCb: 18.7 (95% CI, 12.9–NE); PC: 27.0 (95% CI, 23.2–NE). The objective response rates (ORRs) were PCb: 52.2%; PC: 46.2%. Grade 4 treatment-related toxicities (% PCb/% PC) were: anemia, 0/1.9; neutropenia, 6.5/3.8; thrombocytopenia, 4.3/1.9; and esophagitis, 0/1.9. Most patients completed scheduled chemotherapy and RT during induction and consolidation phases. No drug-related deaths were reported during chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionsBecause of study design, efficacy comparisons cannot be made. However, both combinations with concurrent RT were active and well tolerated

ECOG-ACRIN (E4805) Randomized Phase II Study to Determine the Effect of 2 Different Doses of Aflibercept in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background—Aflibercept is a recombinantly-produced fusion protein that has potent anti-VEGF activity. We tested whether aflibercept has clinical activity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The recommended Phase 2 dose was 4 mg/kg but several patients treated at 1 mg/kg demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS). We therefore tested both doses in a parallel group randomized trial. Methods—Eligible patients (pts) had histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic ccRCC and previous treatments including prior exposure to a VEGF RTKI. Patients received aflibercept (either 1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg) day 1 of a 14-day cycle until progression. Patients randomized to 1 mg/kg could crossover to 4 mg/kg at progression. The primary endpoint was proportion alive and progression-free at 8 weeks. A Simon 2-stage design was used for each arm with 33 and 24 eligible pts/arm enrolled in stages 1 and 2. Results—94 pts were enrolled, 59 and 35 to 4 mg and 1 mg doses, respectively. 72% had 1 prior tx most commonly sunitinib. 16 eligible pts crossed over at progression to the 4 mg dose. Most common adverse events were hypertension, proteinuria, and fatigue. Only 4 pts reported Grade 4 or higher toxicity. With 36/59 (61%) pts PFS at 8 wks, the 4-mg/kg dose met protocol specified efficacy criteria. Conclusions—Aflibercept is active in previously treated ccRCC and may be worthy of further study

Effects of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 genotype on systemic anastrozole and fulvestrant concentrations in SWOG S0226

Objective &amp; methods: This study tested associations of genotype-predicted activity of CYP3A4, other pharmacogenes, SLC28A7 (rs11648166) and ALPPL2 (rs28845026) with systemic concentrations of the endocrine therapies anastrozole and fulvestrant in SWOG S0226 trial participants. Results: Participants in the anastrozole-only arm with low CYP3A4 activity (i.e. CYP3A4*22 carriers) had higher systemic anastrozole concentrations than patients with high CYP3A4 activity (β-coefficient&nbsp;=&nbsp;10.03; 95% CI: 1.42, 18.6; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.025). In an exploratory analysis, participants with low CYP2C9 activity had lower anastrozole concentrations and higher fulvestrant concentrations than participants with high CYP2C9 activity. Conclusion: Inherited genetic variation in CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 may affect concentrations of endocrine therapy and may be useful to personalize dosing and improve treatment outcomes

Goserelin for Ovarian Protection During Breast-Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Premature ovarian failure is a devastating long-term toxic effect of chemotherapy for premenopausal women. The survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in young women with operable hormone receptor–negative breast cancer is well known, but concern over becoming infertile may influence the choice of treatment for many women. A number of trials have investigated the combined use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and adjuvant chemotherapy in an attempt to protect ovarian function in premenopausal women. Results of such studies were mixed, and there were few data on pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this randomized trial was to determine whether administration of the GnRH agonist goserelin with chemotherapy would reduce the rate of ovarian failure after adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment of hormone-receptor–negative early-stage breast cancer. A total of 257 premenopausal women with operable hormone receptor–negative breast cancer were randomized to receive standard chemotherapy with goserelin (goserelin group) or standard chemotherapy without goserelin (chemotherapy-alone group). The rate of ovarian failure at 2 years was the primary study end point. Ovarian failure was defined as the absence of menses for the preceding 6 months and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the postmenopausal range at 2 years. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare rates. Secondary end points evaluated included pregnancy outcomes and disease-free and overall survival. Of the 257 patients, 218 were eligible and could be evaluated: 113 in the chemotherapy-alone group and 105 in the goserelin group. Complete primary end-point data were available for 135 of the 218 patients who could be evaluated. Among these, the ovarian failure rate was 8% in the goserelin group and 22% in the chemotherapy-alone group; the odds ratio was 0.30, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.09 to 0.97; 2-sided P = 0.04. To determine the effect of the missing primary end-point data on the main study findings, sensitivity analyses were performed. The results of these analyses showed that the missing data had no significant effect on the association between treatment and stratification variables (age and planned chemotherapy regimen). Among the 218 patients who could be evaluated, more women became pregnant in the goserelin group than in the chemotherapy-alone group (21% vs 11%, P = 0.03). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that more women in the goserelin group had improved disease-free survival (P = 0.04) and overall survival (P = 0.05). Consistent with the findings of previous randomized trials, these data suggest that administration of a GnRH agonist with chemotherapy protects ovarian function, reducing the risk of early menopause and improving prospects for fertility. Although missing primary-end-point data weaken interpretation of the findings, there is no evidence that the missing data influenced the relative comparison between randomized groups

Microscopic calculations of quadrupole moments in Li and B isotopes

Quadrupole moments and effective charges are calculated for Li (A = 7, 8, 9, 11) and B (A = 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) isotopes based on the shell model with p and large basis spsdpf-shell model spaces. Excitations out of major shell space are taken into account through a microscopic theory which allows particle-hole excitations from the core and model space orbits to all higher orbits with 6ħω excitations. Effective charges are obtained for the neutron-rich Li and B isotopes which are smaller than the standard values for the stable p- and sd-shell nuclei. Our calculated Q moments agree very well with the experimentally observed trends of the recent experimental data

THE HIGH RESOLUTION INFRARED SPECTRUM OF 2ν3(ℓ=0) 12CD3F†2\nu_{3} (\ell=0)\ ^{12}CD_{3}F^\dag

$^{\dag}$supported in part by the planetary Atmospheres program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration {Grant NGL-43-001-006).Author Institution:The parallel component of the $2\nu_{3}$ band of $^{12}CD_{3}F$ has been recorded with a resolution of $20-25 \times 10^{-3}$ $cm^{-1}$. The $(\alpha^{B}- \alpha^{A})$ term is small and therefore the J-manifolds are unresolved for J$< 15$ and only partially resolved for greater J values. The band has been analyzed using standard techniques and preliminary values of $\nu_{0}=1977.178(3)$ $cm^{-1}$ and $\alpha^{B}=(B^{\prime\prime}-B^{\prime})=3.086(7) \times 10^{-3}$ $cm^{-1}$ have been obtained. A value of $2.85(5) \times 10^{-3}$ $cm^{-1}$ has been obtained for $\alpha^{A}$ form a band contour fit to the P(10) multiple. Details of the analysis and further results will be reported