Physical Processes and wind-driven circulation in the Northern Indian Ocean. In: Winter School on Impact of Climate Change on Indian Marine Fisheries held at CMFRI, Cochin 18.1.2008 to 7.2.2008

The vast expanses of oceanic waters are continuously in motion and one wonders what makes ocean waters in a state of perpetual restlessness. Ocean currents are important as they redistribute heat, salt, nutrients, and biological organisms. As they transport heat from tropics to poles they are capable of influencing the climate. There are two physical processes that drive the ocean circulation and they are (1) transfer of momentum from wind to the ocean (tangential stress) and (2) convection driven by buoyancy changes due to heating and cooling or addition or removal of salt. The motion of the ocean due to the first process is known as the wind-driven circulation in which winds impart momentum to the ocean. The motion due to the second process is known as the thermohaline circulation in which the cooling in the Polar Regions result in loss of buoyancy and causes water to sink to deep ocean. The above separation of circulation into two components, though provides a conceptual simplification of circulation, is somewhat artificial in the real world

Performance analysis of an efficient finite element solver for solidification simulation of continuous casting of steel billets

The Gauss-Seidel iterative technique of solving a set of linear algebraic equations was applied for solving the system matrices in the Finite Element Analysis of 2-D dynamic heat diffusion problems encountered in the solid-ification analysis of continuous casting of steel,billets. An efficient algorithm for storing. and manipulating only the non-zero terms of the system matrices was developed. The CPU time per iteration for solving the system matrix was independent of bandwidth. The oscillatory character-istics of the algorithm with respect to different one-step recurrence schemes, the number of iterations for solution convergency and error propagation with respect to over-relaxation factor and convergence limit were studied for a standard problem and compared with analytical solution. The accuracy of the iterative solution was compared with the standard method of direct reduction based on Gauss elimination (active column reduction method). The itera-tive technique performed better than the direct method with respect to memory requirement and CPU time, achieving acceptable actuary limits. The solver was applied for the solidification simulation of continuously cast billets at Tata Steel. The 1-D heat flux formulation of the type q = A - B Alt applicable for the C.C. mould region was modi-fied to account for the lower heat flux at the billet corners. The midface shell thickness obtained by simulat-ion at mould exit was compared with the measured thickn-esses obtained from a breakout strand. The heat transfer coefficient in the spray cooling zone was adjusted to get an acceptable match between the measured and simulated shell thicknesses in the secondary cooling zone. The pro-gram was run on IBM PC AT computer with Intel 80486 CPU (33 MHz). The present implementation of the iterative techni-que for solving the system equations reduces the matrix solution time to (1/18) and the overall time for each time step to 1/8 the times required under direct methods, for the parameters considered. There was no appreciable error in the estimated shell thickness within the CC mould. However, the error in the •secondary cooling and the radi-ation zone ranged from 2 to -5%. The second norm of tempe-rature distribution across the billet- cross section varied from 0.001 to 0.005 for the entire strand

A novel approach to jointly address localization and classification of breast cancer using bio-inspired approach

Localization of the cancerous region as well as classification of the type of the cancer is highly inter-linked with each other. However, investigation towards existing approaches depicts that these problems are always iindividually solved where there is still a big research gap for a generalized solution towards addressing both the problems. Therefore, the proposed manuscript presents a simple, novel, and less-iterative computational model that jointly address the localization-classification problems taking the case study of early diagnosis of breast cancer. The proposed study harnesses the potential of simple bio-inspired optimization technique in order to obtained better local and global best outcome to confirm the accuracy of the outcome. The study outcome of the proposed system exhibits that proposed system offers higher accuracy and lower response time in contrast with other existing classifiers that are freqently witnessed in existing approaches of classification in medical image process

Advancement in Research Techniques on Medical Imaging Processing for Breast Cancer Detection

With the advancement of medical image processing, the area of the healthcare sector has started receiving the benefits of the modern arena of diagnostic tools to identify the diseases effectively. Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases, where success factor of treatment offered by medical sector is still an unsolved problem. Hence, the success factor of the treatment lies in early stage of the disease or timely detection of the disease. This paper discusses about the advancement being made in the medical image processing towards an effective diagnosis of the breast cancer from the mammogram image in radiology. There has been enough research activity with various sorts of advances techniques being implemented in the past decade. The prime contribution of this manuscript is to showcase the advancement of the technology along with illustration of the effectiveness of the existing literatures with respect to research gap

Study on Airborne Pollen in the Atmosphere of Bangalore City

The atmospheric pollen of Jnana Bharathi campus, Bangalore University was surveyed during one year period from January 2011 to December 2011 using a vertical cylinder trap. A total of 28 pollen types were identified, among which 7 were present throughout the year. These belonged to Poaceae, Tridax sp., Eucalyptus sp., Parthenium hysterophorus, Cocus nucifera, Croton sparsiflorus and Mimosa pudica. The most predominant Pollen was Parthenium hysterophorus (23.87%) followed by Poaceae (16.19%), Mimosa Pudica (11.31%), Delonix regia (8.77%) and Eucalyptus spp. (7.58%) were found in the atmosphere of Bangalore city. Maximum pollen concentration was observed in the month of May (880/m3) followed by April (552/m3) and minimum in June (163/m3). The total pollens as well as individual pollen types displayed distinct seasonal periodicity in their incidence. The present study will provide preliminary but useful data to the allergologists for effective diagnosis and treatment of local population suffering from pollen hypersensitivity