The binding requirements of monkey brain lysosomal enzymes their immobilised receptor protein

The lysosomal enzyme binding protein (receptor protein) isolated from monkey brain was immobilised on Sepharose 4B and used to study the binding of brain lysosomal enzymes. The immobilised protein could bind ß-D-glucosaminidase, α-D-mannosidase, α -L-fucosidase and ß-D-glucuronidase. The bound enzymes could be eluted either at an acid pH of 4.5 or by mannose 6-phosphate but not by a number of other sugars tested. Binding could be abolished by prior treatment of the lysosomal enzymes with sodium periodate. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of the enzymes did not prevent the binding of the lysosomal enzymes to the column but decreased their affinity, as seen by a shift in their elution profile, when a gradient elution with mannose 6-phosphate was employed. These results suggested that an 'uncovered' phosphate on the carbohydrate moiety of the enzymes was not essential for binding but can enhance the binding affinity

Enhancing Growth and Yield in Banana Cv. Robusta (AAA) through Fertigation with Microbial Consortium

Studies were carried out at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, to test the effect of fertigation with a consortium of biofertilizers for sustainable production in banana cv. Robusta (AAA). The combination of fertigation and consortium of biofertilizers significantly influenced yield and yield-attributing characters in both primary and ratoon crops. Fertigation with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers along with the consortium of biofertilizers recorded significantly higher yield compared to soil application of fertilizer, farm yard manure and consortium of biofertilizers. However, yield difference between 100% and 75% recommended dose of fertilizers was not significant. Likewise, yield difference between 75% and 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) too did not differ significantly, although yields declined at 50% RDF. Other growth characters such as number of leaves and plant girth were also significantly influenced by the combined application of fertigation and the consortium of biofertilizers in both main and the crops. However, plant height, number of hands per bunch and TSS were not affected by these treatments. Pulp-to-peel ratio significantly differed in both the main plant and ratoon crops, but days to maturity differed significantly in the ratoon crop. Main plant crop yields were higher compared to that in ratoon. N and K accumulation was significantly higher at 100% fertigation with 300g of the consortium of biofertilizers in both the seasons. However, accumulation of phosphorous was higher at 100% fertigation with 300g of the consortium of biofertilizers (CBF) in the plant crop whereas, in the ratoon crop, highest accumulation of P in the stem was observed at 100% RDF+100g CBF, and, in the leaf and fruit, at 100% RDF with 300g and 200g of CBF, respectively

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON FRESH AND DRIED Zingiber officinale Rosc

The present study to investigate the antimicrobial activity, from rhizome fresh and dried Zingiber officinale Rosc. In the present study to observe the antibacterial activity using the microorganisms such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were studied by using disc diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in K. pneumoniae (25 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24 mm), Pseudomonas aeroginosa and E. coli each showed 22 mm. The antifungal activity carried out by using the microorganisms Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, Penicillum sp and Fusarium sp were studied by using agar well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed at the concentration of 100 µg of fresh sample against Fusarium sp (14 mm) followed by A. flavus (12 mm), A. terreus (10 mm) and Penicillum sp (10 mm). &nbsp

Ice nucleation active bacteria and its mitigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Microbes play a vital role in ice nucleation, supporting bio-precipitation, and allowing plants to live in low-water environments. A field experiment was conducted during December 2018 with two phyllosphere microorganisms’ spraying viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) and under three moisture regimes (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 IW/CPE (irrigation water/ cumulative pan evaporation) ratio) on tomato (PKM 1) in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu). A laboratory experiment was conducted to confirm ice nucleation using two phyllosphere microorganisms’ P. aeruginosa and PPFM. The bioprecipitation impacts on tomatoes were assessed using a set of physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, average chlorophyll Index and the ice nucleation activity (INA) assessed using tube nucleation test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the mean photosynthetic rate of PPFM sprayed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (PKM 1) plants (40.7 μmol CO2/m2/s) at 10 DAS was significantly higher than P. aeruginosa sprayed plant (38.7 μmol CO2/m2/s) under different irrigation regimes. The average chlorophyll Index value of the P. aeruginosa sprayed tomato plants (58.1) was higher than PPFM sprayed plants (56.4). The tube nucleation tests were proved that ice crystallization induced by P. aeruginosa in super-cooled buffer at - 2 to -10°C while PPFM not catalyze the buffer even after 3hours. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated the P. aeruginosa growth at the upper surface of the leaf and PPFM growth more at the lower surface of the leaf compared to without inoculation of microbes on leaves. Overall, the result revealed that P. aeruginosa may assist in ice nucleation activity that will help to make artificial rain in the near future

Spatial and temporal estimation of actual evapotranspiration of lower Bhavani basin, Tamil Nadu using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land Model

Estimating evapotranspiration's spatiotemporal variance is critical for regional water resource management and allocation, including irrigation scheduling, drought monitoring, and forecasting. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method can be used to estimate spatio-temporal variations in evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing-based variables like Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface albedo, transmittance, and surface emissivity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration for the lower Bhavani basin, Tamil Nadu based on remote sensing methods using Landsat 8 data for the years 2018 to 2020. The actual evapotranspiration was estimated using SEBAL model and its spatial variation was compared over different land covers. The estimated values of daily actual evapotranspiration in the lower Bhavani basin ranged from 0 to 4.72 mm day-1. Thus it is evident that SEBAL model can be used to predict ET with limited ground base hydrological data. The spatially estimated ET values will help in managing the crop water requirement at each stage of crop and irrigation scheduling, which will ensure the efficient use of available water resources

Land use land cover change detection in the lower Bhavani basin, Tamil Nadu, using geospatial techniques

Land use land cover (LULC) change detection is essential for sustainable development, planning and management. This study was an attempt to evaluate the LULC change in the lower bhavani basin from 2014 to 2019, using Landsat 8 data integrating Google Earth Engine (GEE) as a web-based platform and Geographic Information System. The CART and Random Forest classifiers in GEE were used for performing supervised classification. The classified map accuracy was assessed using high resolution imagery and evaluated using a confusion matrix implemented in GEE. Five major LULC classes, viz., agriculture, built up, current fallow, forest and waterbody, were identified, and the dominant land use in the study area was agriculture and current fallow, followed by dominant land use of forest. During the study period (2014–2019) the change inbuilt-up area 7.37% in 2019 and 5.45% in 2014, was noted due to urban sprawl. GEE showed significant versatility and proved to be an effective platform for LULC detection

Design and evaluation of timolol maleate ocuserts

A remarkable attempt was made to prepare timolol maleate ocuserts, which is significant beta adreno receptor antagonist, by the aid of different of different ratio of composition of polymers such as EC, HPMC and Eudragit RS 100. Twelve batches of suitable ophthalmic films formulated by the method of solvent casting technique. Out of which the best formulation was found out the zero order release was observed in batch and was considered as the least drug releasing one. The formulated ocuserts were flexible, uniform and was meant for physic-chemical evaluator parameters, in vitro drug release profile and in vivo evaluation made on male rabbit

Formulation and evaluation of controlled release matrix tablets of antihypertensive drug using natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers

The present study is to prepare and evaluate controlled release matrix tablets of Losartan potassium using natural and synthetic polymers. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different drug: polymer concentration. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study revealed no chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. Precompression and postcompression parameters complied with pharmacopoeial limit for the tablets. In-vitro release studies was performed and the results indicates that matrix tablet  (F9) containing 50% w/w blend of natural and synthetic polymer has better controlled release for a period of 24 h

Research studies on polymeric effect of indomethacine transdermal films

The objective of this study was to design and evaluate transdermal patches of Indomethacine using HPMC, EC and Eudragit RLPO using solvent casting technique. The in vitro drug release studies were performed by using the USP (paddle type) dissolution list apparatus in 1000 ml of 0.1N HCl (Medium Employed) at 37o C room temperature for an rpm maintained at 100 within a stipulated time interval of 15 minutes. The withdrawn Samples were analyzed by using UV visible  spectrophotometer at 268 mm using regent blank. The prepared  transdermal patches had undergone physic chemical evaluator parameters such as PMA, PML, swelling index, water vapour transmission rate, film thickness, weight cheek, and folding Endurance and drug content clearance. In vitro dissolution study of drug along with different  combination of polymers; i.e. HPMC, EC and Eudragit has been  performed; out of which batch B6 shows the best moisture of films and the graph representing the best controlled drug release. As the percentage of ethyl cellulose was reduced the rate of the release of the drug was increased. [Batch B6 > HPMC: EC: Eudragit RLPO - 2:1:2]. Films with batch  code B6 shows better stability and suitability. Higuchi’s plot revealed that the predominant Mechanism of drug release was diffusio