Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Leflunomide in Bulk Drug And Tablets

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the estimation of Leflunomide in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was achieved with a Hypersil BDS C18 column. This method uses mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and 10mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate-buffer of PH 4.9±0.1(90:10) at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Leflunomide was detected by UV-absorption at 254nm with a retention time of 3.03min. the method was carried out by standard addition method. The estimation was linear over the concentration range of 10-50µg/ml, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. the intra-day and inter day studies shown that method was accurate and precise, easy-to-operate and validate

In-Silico Molecular Docking in Screening of Anti-Diabetic Therapeutics from Medicinal Plants

One of the most widely spreading diseases due to several lifestyle problems in the 21st century is diabetes mellitus. The management of diabetes mellitus is very important and essential. Plants are natural reservoir of many medicinal value added components help to overcome many chronic disorders including diabetes mellitus. Herbal drugs are prescribed in treatment of diabetes mellitus due to their good effectiveness, fewer side effects in clinical experience and relatively low costs. Screening of antidiabetic therapeutics is very important and essential for effective management of diabetes mellitus. Many researchers have worked on extraction, isolation, characterization of extracts and bioactive fractions from medicinal plant also they have established profile and data of interaction of active components against various targets and enzymes of diabetes mellitus using In-silico molecular docking tools. Molecular docking is an important computational tool to predict the plausible interactions between the drug and protein in a non-covalent fashion. Extensive in silico docking procedures have been carried out to examine whether the compound is a good ligand with diabetic targets. In the present review article we have thoroughly screened research articles published in various scientific, indexed, national and international journals on In-silico molecular docking based screening of Anti-Diabetic potentials and therapeutics from medicinal plant and extensively presented

Accelerated partial breast irradiation using external beam radiotherapy—A feasibility study based on dosimetric analysis

AimTo investigate the feasibility of using External Beam radiotherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation by a comparative tumour and normal tissue dose volume analysis with that of high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy.BackgroundAccelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) is more clinically appealing because of the reduced treatment course duration and the irradiated area. Brachytherapy application is more dependent on the clinician's expertise when it is practised free hand without image guidance and a template. It happens to be an invasive procedure with the use of local anaesthesia which adds patient discomfort apart from its cost compared to External Beam Radiotherapy. But APBI with brachytherapy is more commonly practised procedure compared to EBRT owing to its previous reults. Hence in this research study, we intend to explore the use of EBRT with the radiobiological corrections for APBI in the place of brachytherapy. It is done as a dosimetric comparison of Brachytherapy treatment plans with that of EBRT plans.Materials and methodsThe computed tomography images of 15 patients undergoing ISBT planning were simulated with conformal photon fields. Various dose volume parameters of each structure were obtained from the DVH generated in the brachytherapy and the simulated external beam planning which can correlate well with the late toxicity. The plan quality indices such as conformity index and homogeneity index for the target volume were computed from the dosimetric factors. The statistical p values for CI, HI and normal tissue dosimetric parameters were calculated and the confidence levels achievable were analysed. The dose prescribed in brachytherapy was 3400cGy in ten fractions. The equivalent prescription dose for the external beam radiotherapy planning was 3000cGy in five fractions applied with radiobiological correction.ResultsAll the fifteen patients were with complete lung data and six were with left sided tumours having complete cardiac data. The lung dosimetry data and the cardiac dosimetry data of the patients were studied. Lower percentages of lung and cardiac V20 and V5 volumes were obtained with conformal planning. The conformity of radiation dose to the tumour volume was akin to the interstitial brachytherapy planning. Moreover the external beam planning resulted in more homogenous dose distribution. For the sampled population, the statistical analysis showed a confidence level of 95% for using EBRT as an alternate to multi catheter ISBT.ConclusionThe EBRT planning for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation was found to be technically feasible in the institution where the interstitial brachytherapy happens to be the only available technique as evident from the dose volume parameters and the statistical analysis

Performance Evaluation of Inverted Umbrella Type Rainwater Harvesting System at Raichur Campus

The Inverted Umbrella-Type Rainwater Harvesting System is an innovative approach to collecting and storing rainwater efficiently. It is designed in the shape of an inverted umbrella, with a lightweight and durable frame that can be installed on rooftops, open fields, and urban landscapes. This unique design was used with a aim to maximizes rainwater collection efficiency, even during light showers, while occupying minimal space. The system's adaptability to various geographic and climatic conditions makes it a versatile solution for addressing water scarcity. It has potential applications in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, contributing to more responsible water resource management. Rainfall data was collected from meteorological station at Raichur and potential for rainwater harvesting was calculated. Developed rainwater harvesting system was made out of Mild Steel material and transparent white polyethylene sheet was used as cladding material.. The Inverted Umbrella-Type Rainwater Harvesting System represents a promising step toward more responsible water resource management. The Inverted Umbrella-Type Rainwater Harvesting System of size 3m*3m was selected in the study to analyze rain water harvesting efficiency with components like canopy, central conveying pipe, storage tank, filteration mechanism etc. Once the rain falls over the canopy it was diverted to a central connecting pipe and then stored in a storage tank. A co-efficient of performance for kharif season during the year 2022 was developed to estimate the efficiency of the system. Annually 5700 litres of water can be harvested from a single unit of inverted umbrella type rainwater harvesting system. Anticipated and actual water yield during kharif season was found as 4627.56 and 4480.5 L respectively with overall efficiency as 97%. Key features of this system include high collection efficiency, a small footprint, environmental sustainability, ease of maintenance, and water quality assurance. It reduces reliance on traditional water sources, helping conserve water and mitigate environmental impact

Original Article - Adjuvant radiation therapy in gall bladder cancers: 10 years experience at Tata Memorial Hospital

Introduction and Purpose: In gall bladder cancers, even after curative surgery, survivals are dismal and loco-regional failure accounts for 40-86%. Although these are considered radio-resistant, adjuvant radiation, with or without chemotherapy, has been tried to improve loco-regional control and overall survival rates. With an aim to evaluate the natural history of gall bladder cancers, role of radiation therapy (RT) and prognostication, a retrospective analysis was undertaken. Materials and Methods: Between 1991-2000, 60 patients with gall bladder cancer, treated with radical intent, were evaluated. Patients details including history, physical examination, liver function tests, ultrasonography of the abdomen and chest X-ray; and CT scan Abdomen if done, were noted. In patients who underwent surgery, surgical details, histopathology and pathological staging, were recorded. The details of post-operative adjuvant treatment, including radiation therapy details, as well as chemotherapeutic agents, number of cycles and type of infusion [bolus/infusion], were noted. Results: Sixty patients underwent surgery. On histopathological staging, 28 patients (46.5%) had stage II, 19 (32%) had stage III, 12 (20%) had stage-I and 1 patient had stage IV disease. Thirteen (21%) patents did not receive any adjuvant treatment, 32 (53%) patients received adjuvant RT alone, 8(14%) received post-operative CT+RT and 7 (12%) patients received CT alone. With a median follow-up of 18 months (12-124 months), 27 (45%) patients were disease free, 11 (19%) had local failures, 7 (11%) had loco-regional, 7 (11%) loco-regional+ distant, 4 (7%) distant and 4 (7%) patients had local+ distant failures. The Overall Disease Free Survival (DFS) and overall survival was 30% and 25%, at 5 years, respectively. Stage grouping (' P '=0.007), Pathological T (' P '= 0.01) had significant impact on DFS on univariate analysis, where as histological grade (' P '= 0.06) showed trend towards significance. Conclusion: Gall bladder cancers are aggressive and lethal. Early diagnosis and curative surgery, followed by appropriate adjuvant radiation therapy, may improve survivals, with no established consensus till date. Following curative surgery, pathological T stage and stage grouping, are the significant prognostic factors for outcome

A Brief Review on Evaluation and Exploration of Antioxidant Activity of Mango Ginger

Many free radicals are generates in the human body due to metabolic processes and in order to counteract the harmful effects of these antioxidants, human body has a complex system of natural enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses or mechanisms. These free radicals are mainly responsible for generation of different types of diseases and disorders. Hence protection of body against free radical is important and which can also be done by taking diet with maximum antioxidants. Naturally occurring antioxidant are very important in preventing body from various free radicals. Many medicinal plants and their extracts have been reported for potential anti-oxidant activity. Curcuma amada Roxb (Mango Ginger) is the most important genera come under the Zingiberaceae family. Chemically it has reported for the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents which include the flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and essential oils. Due to presence of wide variety of phytoconstituents plant has very well traditional value reported for pharmacological significance for a variety of ailments. It effectively treats skin allergies, stomach problems, and high blood cholesterol and has been reported for antioxidant properties. In the present review work various research articles published on antioxidant activity of Mango Ginger Have been collected from various journal site and databases and explored systematicall

A fatal case of empyema thoracis by Nocardia farcinica in an immunocompromised patient

Empyema thoracis by Nocardia farcinica infection is uncommon. Here we report a rare and fatal infection in a 27-year-old HIV- seropositive male who presented with cough, expectoration, and breathlessness. Nocardia farcinica was isolated from sputum and pus from the pleural cavity. Confirmation of the isolate and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for various antibiotics was done at the Aerobic Actinomycetes Reference Laboratory, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Patient was treated with suitable antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in spite of which he eventually succumbed to the disease