471 research outputs found
Influences on childrenâs attainment and progress in Key Stage 2: cognitive outcomes in Year 6
These reports forms part of a set of two reports that examine key influences on childrenâs Maths, English and social behavioural outcomes (self-regulation, pro-social behaviour, hyperactivity and anti-social behaviour) in Year 6 and on their progress across Key Stage 2. The sister report describes the results of analyses on childrenâs social/behavioural outcomes (ref: DCSF-RR049).
The report is from the effective pre-school and primary education 3 to 11 project (EPPE 3 to 11) which is longitudinal study using multi-level modelling investigating the effects of home background, pre-school and primary education on pupilsâ attainment and social / behavioural development.
Around 3,000 children were recruited from 141 pre-school settings in 6 English LEAs at the age of 3+ between 1996 and 1999. The study followed these children through pre-school and into more than 900 primary schools in 100 local authorities
The role of pre-school quality in promoting resilience in the cognitive development of young children
The study reported here investigates the role of pre-school education as a protective factor in the development of children who are at risk due to environmental and individual factors. This investigation builds upon earlier research by examining different kinds of 'quality' in early education and tests the hypothesis that pre-schools of high quality can moderate the impacts of risks upon cognitive development. Cognitive development was measured in 2857 English pre-schoolers at 36 and 58 months of age, together with 22 individual risks to children's development, and assessments were made of the quality of their pre-school provision. Multilevel Structural Equation Modelling revealed that: the global quality of pre-school can moderate the effects of familial risk (such as poverty); the relationships between staff and children can moderate the effects of child level risk (such as low birth weight); and the specific quality of curricular provision can moderate the effects of both. Policy makers need to take quality into account in their efforts to promote resilience in young 'at risk' children through early childhood services
Tracking pupil mobility over the pre-school and primary school period: evidence from EPPE 3-11
This report describes the âtrackingâ of the EPPE 3-11 sample and then goes on to
examine the possible influence of mobility on EPPE 3-11 childrenâs cognitive progress
and social/behavioural development over both the pre-school and primary school period.
In the present research âmobilityâ is defined as having changed pre-school or school
centre at least once.
The aims of the research are:
âą To determine possible means of reducing attrition in a longitudinal sample - tracking
âą To identify any likely predictors of mobility, that is, whether mobile individuals share
any defining characteristics;
âą To investigate the effects of mobility when predicting childrenâs cognitive and
social/behavioural outcomes, controlling for other background factors;
âą To investigate the effects of childrenâs mobility in terms of the academic effectiveness
of the schools attended and to which children moved
The influence of school and teaching quality on childrenâs progress in primary school
This report investigates the way school and classroom processes affect the cognitive
progress and social/behavioural development of children between the ages of 6 (Year 1)
and 10 (Year 5) in primary schools in England.
The research is part of the larger longitudinal study of Effective Pre-School and Primary
Education (EPPE 3-11) funded by the Department for Children, Schools and Families
(DCSF) that is following childrenâs cognitive and social/behavioural development from
ages 3 to 11 years. The EPPE 3-11 study investigates both pre-school and primary
school influences on childrenâs attainment, progress and social/behavioural
development. This report describes the results of quantitative analyses based on a subsample
of 1160 EPPE children across Year 1 to 5 of primary education. The research
builds on the earlier analyses of childrenâs Reading and Mathematics attainments and
social/behavioural outcomes in Year 5 for the full EPPE 3-11 sample (see Sammons,
2007a; 2007b), by investigating relationships between childrenâs outcomes and
measures of classroom processes, collected through direct observation of Year 5
classes in 125 focal schools chosen from the larger EPPE 3-11 data set. The analyses
also explore patterns of association between childrenâs outcomes and broader measures
of overall school characteristics derived from teacher questionnaires and Ofsted
inspection reports for this sub-sample of schools
Relationships between pupilsâ self-perceptions, views of primary school and their development in Year 5
The Effective Pre-school and Primary Education Project 3-11 (EPPE 3-11) is a largescale longitudinal study of the impact of pre-school and primary school on childrenâs
developmental outcomes, both cognitive and social/behavioural. The study has been
following children from the start of pre-school (at age 3 years plus) through to the end of
primary school. Previous reports have focused on the educational and
social/behavioural outcomes of the EPPE 3-11 sample at the end of Year 5 (age 10) and
progress from the end of Year 1 (age 6) to the end of Year 5 (age 10) in primary school
(Sammons et al., 2007a; 2007b). The research also explored the predictive power of a
wide variety of child, parent, and family characteristics on attainment and development,
including the Early years home learning environment (HLE) during the years of preschool and aspects of the later HLE during Key stage 1 of primary school (Sammons et
al., 2002; 2003; Sylva et al., 2004).
This research builds on earlier reports (Sammons et al., 2007a; 2007b) by investigating
relationships between childrenâs outcomes in Year 5 and aspects of pupilsâ selfperceptions and their views of primary school, measured in Year 5 (age 10) and in Year
2 (age 7) of primary school, controlling for background characteristics. These measures
have been derived from a self-report instrument completed by EPPE 3-11 children. The
analyses explored associations between childrenâs progress and development over time
and their self-perceptions and views of primary school
Pupils' self-perceptions and views of primary school in year 5
The Effective Pre-School and Primary Education 3-11 (EPPE 3-11) project investigates the impact of preschool, primary school and family on a range of outcomes for a national sample of approximately 2,800
children in England between the ages of 3 and 11 years. This Research Brief presents findings on pupilsâ
Self-perceptions (âEnjoyment of schoolâ, âAnxiety and Isolationâ, âAcademic self-imageâ and âBehavioural
self-imageâ) and their views of different features of primary school (âTeachersâ support for pupilsâ learningâ,
âHeadteacher qualitiesâ and âPositive social environmentâ) in Year 5. The analyses involved two steps: first,
differences in pupilsâ Self-perceptions and Views of primary school measured at Year 5 were explored, in
relation to child, family and Home Learning Environment (HLE) characteristics. Second, the relationships
between pupilsâ Self-perceptions and their Views of primary school and educational outcomes and
progress, both cognitive (Reading and Mathematics) and social/behavioural (âSelf-regulationâ,
âHyperactivityâ, âPro-socialâ and âAnti-socialâ behaviour) were investigated. The analyses also explored
pupilsâ Self-perceptions measured at a younger age (Year 2) and how they relate to childrenâs later
cognitive and social/behavioural outcomes in Year 5 and progress from Year 1 to Year 5
Dissolved organic carbon compounds in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the East Pacific Rise at 9°50âČN
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Organic Geochemistry 125 (2018): 41-49, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.08.004.Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unique ecosystems that may release chemically distinct
dissolved organic matter to the deep ocean. Here, we describe the composition and
concentrations of polar dissolved organic compounds observed in low and high temperature
hydrothermal vent fluids at 9°50âN on the East Pacific Rise. The concentration of dissolved
organic carbon was 46 ÎŒM in the low temperature hydrothermal fluids and 14 ÎŒM in the high
temperature hydrothermal fluids. In the low temperature vent fluids, quantifiable dissolved
organic compounds were dominated by water-soluble vitamins and amino acids. Derivatives of
benzoic acid and the organic sulfur compound 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS) were
also present in low and high temperature hydrothermal fluids. The low temperature vent fluids
contain organic compounds that are central to biological processes, suggesting that they are a by-product of biological activity in the subseafloor. These compounds may fuel heterotrophic and
other metabolic processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and beyond.This project was funded by a grant from WHOIâs Deep Ocean Exploration Institute and WHOIâs
Ocean Ridge Initiative (to EBK and SMS) and by NSF OCE-1154320 (to EBK and KL), OCE-
1136727 (to SMS and JSS), and OCE 1131095 (to SMS)
Establishing the Effects of Quality in Early Childhood: Comparing Evidence from England
This is the final version. Available from Early Education via the URL in this record.This occasional paper examines the robustness of a paper published by Blanden, Hansen and McNally in February 2017 which sought to investigate the effects of quality within early education and care settings in England (Quality in Early Years Settings and Children's School Achievement, CEP Discussion Paper 1468, The London School of Economics). The authors question the validity of the conclusions reached by Blanden et al about the impact of quality in early childhood education in England
Abiotic redox reactions in hydrothermal mixing zones: decreased energy availability for the subsurface biosphere
© The Author(s), 202. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in McDermott, J. M., Sylva, S. P., Ono, S., German, C. R., & Seewald, J. S. Abiotic redox reactions in hydrothermal mixing zones: decreased energy availability for the subsurface biosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(34), (2020): 20453-20461, doi:10.1073/pnas.2003108117.Subseafloor mixing of high-temperature hot-spring fluids with cold seawater creates intermediate-temperature diffuse fluids that are replete with potential chemical energy. This energy can be harnessed by a chemosynthetic biosphere that permeates hydrothermal regions on Earth. Shifts in the abundance of redox-reactive species in diffuse fluids are often interpreted to reflect the direct influence of subseafloor microbial activity on fluid geochemical budgets. Here, we examine hydrothermal fluids venting at 44 to 149 °C at the Piccard hydrothermal field that span the canonical 122 °C limit to life, and thus provide a rare opportunity to study the transition between habitable and uninhabitable environments. In contrast with previous studies, we show that hydrocarbons are contributed by biomass pyrolysis, while abiotic sulfate (SO42â) reduction produces large depletions in H2. The latter process consumes energy that could otherwise support key metabolic strategies employed by the subseafloor biosphere. Available Gibbs free energy is reduced by 71 to 86% across the habitable temperature range for both hydrogenotrophic SO42â reduction to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to methane (CH4). The abiotic H2 sink we identify has implications for the productivity of subseafloor microbial ecosystems and is an important process to consider within models of H2 production and consumption in young oceanic crust.Financial support was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology program (Awards NNX09AB75G and 80NSSC19K1427 to C.R.G. and J.S.S.) and the NSF (Award OCE-1061863 to C.R.G. and J.S.S.). Ship and vehicle time for cruise FK008 was provided by the Schmidt Ocean Institute. We thank the ROV Jason II and HROV Nereus groups, and the captain, officers, and crew of R/V Atlantis (AT18-16) and R/V Falkor (FK008) for their dedication to skillful operations at sea. We thank our scientific colleagues from both cruises, as well as Meg Tivey, Frieder Klein, and Scott Wankel for insightful discussions. We are grateful to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments and suggestions
Evaluation of children's centres in England: strand 2 - baseline survey of families using children's centres in the most disadvantaged areas
This is the final version of the report. Available from the Department for Education via the link in this recorThe evaluation of childrenâs centres in England is a large scale, six year study that looks at Sure Start childrenâs centres (SSCCs) in the most disadvantaged areas of England. These are centres that were set up in the first two phases of the programme.
The evaluation, from a survey of families who were using childrenâs centres when their child was 9- to 18-months-old, will provide a very detailed picture of childrenâs centre services. This includes how effective they are when they use different approaches in their management and when delivering services and activities for parents and children. It also looks at the cost of delivering different types of services
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