«ИНДУСТРИЯ 4.0»: ОТ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ И АДДИТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ К САМОВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЮ МАШИН И ОРГАНИЗМОВ

An analysis of the state and prospects of development of additive technologies for computer-aided manufacturing has been carried out. This analysis allowed demonstrating a new paradigm of computer-aided manufacturing evolution – the transition to self-reproduction of machines and their parts, as well as organisms. A diagram of logical connections in the process of additive manufacturing has been proposed, which is a state machine that can be used to build a 3D printer enabling to “grow” products of complex shapes and structures, as well as for additive synthesis of its composite material. Prospective approach, considering additive methods such as synergetic energy technology, ensuring the self-organization of surface phenomena in the formation of structures of layers of different materials has been developed. It is proposed on the basis of the approach to choose sources of energy and material defining discrete or continuous technological environment of the additive processing method. Conditions for stabilization of the thickness of formed layers associated with processes of self-organization of surface phenomena and design features of products have been discussed.Проведен анализ состояния и перспектив развития аддитивных технологий компьютеризированного производства, позволивший показать новую парадигму его эволюции – переход к самовоспроизведению машин и их частей, а также организмов. Предложена диаграмма логических связей в процессах аддитивного производства, представляющая собой конечный автомат, которая может использоваться как для построения 3D-принтера, осуществляющего «выращивание» изделия сложной формы и структуры, так и для аддитивного синтеза его композиционного материала. Рекомендован подход, который определяет аддитивные методы как синерготехнологии, обеспечивающие самоорганизацию поверхностных явлений. На основании подхода выбираются источники энергии и материала для технологий послойного синтеза изделий. Стабилизация толщины формируемых слоев связана с процессами самоорганизации поверхностных явлений и конструктивными особенностями изделий.

«ИНДУСТРИЯ 4.0»: ОТ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-КОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ И АДДИТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ К САМОВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЮ МАШИН И ОРГАНИЗМОВ

An analysis of the state and prospects of development of additive technologies for computer-aided manufacturing has been carried out. This analysis allowed demonstrating a new paradigm of computer-aided manufacturing evolution – the transition to self-reproduction of machines and their parts, as well as organisms. A diagram of logical connections in the process of additive manufacturing has been proposed, which is a state machine that can be used to build a 3D printer enabling to “grow” products of complex shapes and structures, as well as for additive synthesis of its composite material. Prospective approach, considering additive methods such as synergetic energy technology, ensuring the self-organization of surface phenomena in the formation of structures of layers of different materials has been developed. It is proposed on the basis of the approach to choose sources of energy and material defining discrete or continuous technological environment of the additive processing method. Conditions for stabilization of the thickness of formed layers associated with processes of self-organization of surface phenomena and design features of products have been discussed.Проведен анализ состояния и перспектив развития аддитивных технологий компьютеризированного производства, позволивший показать новую парадигму его эволюции – переход к самовоспроизведению машин и их частей, а также организмов. Предложена диаграмма логических связей в процессах аддитивного производства, представляющая собой конечный автомат, которая может использоваться как для построения 3D-принтера, осуществляющего «выращивание» изделия сложной формы и структуры, так и для аддитивного синтеза его композиционного материала. Рекомендован подход, который определяет аддитивные методы как синерготехнологии, обеспечивающие самоорганизацию поверхностных явлений. На основании подхода выбираются источники энергии и материала для технологий послойного синтеза изделий. Стабилизация толщины формируемых слоев связана с процессами самоорганизации поверхностных явлений и конструктивными особенностями изделий.

On the Transmit Beamforming for MIMO Wiretap Channels: Large-System Analysis

With the growth of wireless networks, security has become a fundamental issue in wireless communications due to the broadcast nature of these networks. In this work, we consider MIMO wiretap channels in a fast fading environment, for which the overall performance is characterized by the ergodic MIMO secrecy rate. Unfortunately, the direct solution to finding ergodic secrecy rates is prohibitive due to the expectations in the rates expressions in this setting. To overcome this difficulty, we invoke the large-system assumption, which allows a deterministic approximation to the ergodic mutual information. Leveraging results from random matrix theory, we are able to characterize the achievable ergodic secrecy rates. Based on this characterization, we address the problem of covariance optimization at the transmitter. Our numerical results demonstrate a good match between the large-system approximation and the actual simulated secrecy rates, as well as some interesting features of the precoder optimization.Comment: Published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8317, pp. 90-102, 2014. (Proceedings of International Conference on Information-Theoretic Security (ICITS), Singapore, November 2013

Melting of tantalum at high pressure determined by angle dispersive x-ray diffraction in a double-sided laser-heated diamond-anvil cell

The high pressure and high temperature phase diagram of Ta has been studied in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) using x-ray diffraction measurements up to 52 GPa and 3800 K. The melting was observed at nine different pressures, being the melting temperature in good agreement with previous laser-heated DAC experiments, but in contradiction with several theoretical calculations and previous piston-cylinder apparatus experiments. A small slope for the melting curve of Ta is estimated (dTm/dP = 24 K/GPa at 1 bar) and a possible explanation for this behaviour is given. Finally, a P-V-T equation of states is obtained, being the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient and the bulk modulus estimated.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures, to appear in J.Phys.:Cond.Matte

КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ СУБМИКРОННОЙ ТОПОЛОГИИ КРЕМНИЕВЫХ ПЛАСТИН ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ МИКРОСХЕМ

The advantages of using an atomic force microscopy in manufacturing of submicron integrated circuits are described. The possibilities of characterizing the surface morphology and the etching profile for silicon substrate and bus lines, estimation of the periodicity and size of bus lines, geometrical stability for elementary bus line are shown. Methods of optical and atomic force microcopies are combined in one diagnostic unit. Scanning  probe  microscope  (SPM  200)  is  designed  and  produced.  Complex  SPM  200  realizes  nondestructive control of microelectronics elements made on silicon wafers up to 200 mm in diameter and it is introduced by JSC «Integral» for the purpose of operational control, metrology and acceptance of the final product.Описаны преимущества использования атомно-силовой микроскопии для контроля технологических процессов при изготовлении интегральных микросхем субмикроэлектроники. Показана возможность визуализации морфологии поверхностей и профиля травления, оценки периодичности гребенок шин, определения стабильности размеров для одной шины. Выполнены работы по совмещению оптической и атомно-силовой микроскопии, разработан и изготовлен сканирующий зондовый микроскоп. Комплекс внедрен для промышленного неразрушающего контроля субмикроэлектроники, выполненной на кремниевых  пластинах диаметром  до  200 мм, с целью осуществления  операционного контроля, метрологических измерений и приемки качества готовой продукции

Spectral focusing of broadband silver electroluminescence in nanoscopic FRET-LEDs

Few inventions have shaped the world like the incandescent bulb. Edison used thermal radiation from ohmically heated conductors, but some noble metals also exhibit ‘cold’ electroluminescence in percolation films1,2, tunnel diodes3, electromigrated nanoparticle aggregates4,5, optical antennas6 or scanning tunnelling microscopy7,8,9. The origin of this radiation, which is spectrally broad and depends on applied bias, is controversial given the low radiative yields of electronic transitions. Nanoparticle electroluminescence is particularly intriguing because it involves localized surface-plasmon resonances with large dipole moments. Such plasmons enable very efficient non-radiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) coupling to proximal resonant dipole transitions. Here, we demonstrate nanoscopic FRET–light-emitting diodes which exploit the opposite process, energy transfer from silver nanoparticles to exfoliated monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides10. In diffraction-limited hotspots showing pronounced photon bunching, broadband silver electroluminescence is focused into the narrow excitonic resonance of the atomically thin overlayer. Such devices may offer alternatives to conventional nano-light-emitting diodes11 in on-chip optical interconnects