60 research outputs found
Experimental realization of plaquette resonating valence bond states with ultracold atoms in optical superlattices
The concept of valence bond resonance plays a fundamental role in the theory
of the chemical bond and is believed to lie at the heart of many-body quantum
physical phenomena. Here we show direct experimental evidence of a
time-resolved valence bond quantum resonance with ultracold bosonic atoms in an
optical lattice. By means of a superlattice structure we create a
three-dimensional array of independent four-site plaquettes, which we can fully
control and manipulate in parallel. Moreover, we show how small-scale plaquette
resonating valence bond states with s- and d-wave symmetry can be created and
characterized. We anticipate our findings to open the path towards the creation
and analysis of many-body RVB states in ultracold atomic gases.Comment: 7 page, 4 figures in main text, 3 figures in appendi
Collective Oscillations of an Imbalanced Fermi Gas: Axial Compression Modes and Polaron Effective Mass
We investigate the low-lying compression modes of a unitary Fermi gas with
imbalanced spin populations. For low polarization, the strong coupling between
the two spin components leads to a hydrodynamic behavior of the cloud. For
large population imbalance we observe a decoupling of the oscillations of the
two spin components, giving access to the effective mass of the Fermi polaron,
a quasi-particle composed of an impurity dressed by particle-hole pair
excitations in a surrounding Fermi sea. We find , in agreement
with the most recent theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
Metastability in spin polarised Fermi gases and quasiparticle decays
We investigate the metastability associated with the first order transition from normal to superfluid phases in the phase diagram of two-component polarised Fermi gases.We begin by detailing the dominant decay processes of single quasiparticles.Having determined the momentum thresholds of each process and calculated their rates, we apply this understanding to a Fermi sea of polarons by linking its metastability to the stability of individual polarons, and predicting a region of metastability for the normal partially polarised phase. In the limit of a single impurity, this region extends from the interaction strength at which a polarised phase of molecules becomes the groundstate, to the one at which the single quasiparticle groundstate changes character from polaronic to molecular. Our argument in terms of a Fermi sea of polarons naturally suggests their use as an experimental probe. We propose experiments to observe the threshold of the predicted region of metastability, the interaction strength at which the quasiparticle groundstate changes character, and the decay rate of polarons
The equation of state of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases: a few examples
We describe a powerful method for determining the equation of state of an
ultracold gas from in situ images. The method provides a measurement of the
local pressure of an harmonically trapped gas and we give several applications
to Bose and Fermi gases. We obtain the grand-canonical equation of state of a
spin-balanced Fermi gas with resonant interactions as a function of
temperature. We compare our equation of state with an equation of state
measured by the Tokyo group, that reveals a significant difference in the
high-temperature regime. The normal phase, at low temperature, is well
described by a Landau Fermi liquid model, and we observe a clear thermodynamic
signature of the superfluid transition. In a second part we apply the same
procedure to Bose gases. From a single image of a quasi ideal Bose gas we
determine the equation of state from the classical to the condensed regime.
Finally the method is applied to a Bose gas in a 3D optical lattice in the Mott
insulator regime. Our equation of state directly reveals the Mott insulator
behavior and is suited to investigate finite-temperature effects.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Universal Spin Transport in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
Transport of fermions is central in many elds of physics. Electron transport runs modern technology,
de ning states of matter such as superconductors and insulators, and electron spin, rather
than charge, is being explored as a new carrier of information [1]. Neutrino transport energizes
supernova explosions following the collapse of a dying star [2], and hydrodynamic transport of the
quark-gluon plasma governed the expansion of the early Universe [3]. However, our understanding
of non-equilibrium dynamics in such strongly interacting fermionic matter is still limited. Ultracold
gases of fermionic atoms realize a pristine model for such systems and can be studied in real time
with the precision of atomic physics [4, 5]. It has been established that even above the super
uid
transition such gases
ow as an almost perfect
uid with very low viscosity [3, 6] when interactions
are tuned to a scattering resonance. However, here we show that spin currents, as opposed to
mass currents, are maximally damped, and that interactions can be strong enough to reverse spin
currents, with opposite spin components reflecting off each other. We determine the spin drag coefficient, the spin di usivity, and the spin susceptibility, as a function of temperature on resonance and
show that they obey universal laws at high temperatures. At low temperatures, the spin di usivity
approaches a minimum value set by ħ/m, the quantum limit of di usion, where ħ is the reduced
Planck's constant and m the atomic mass. For repulsive interactions, our measurements appear to
exclude a metastable ferromagnetic state [7{9].National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Office of Naval ResearchUnited States. Army Research Office (DARPA OLE programme)Alfred P. Sloan FoundationUnited States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Multidisciplinary University Research InitiativeUnited States. Army Research Office. Multidisciplinary University Research InitiativeUnited States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Young Faculty AwardDavid & Lucile Packard Foundatio
Exploring the Thermodynamics of a Universal Fermi Gas
From sand piles to electrons in metals, one of the greatest challenges in
modern physics is to understand the behavior of an ensemble of strongly
interacting particles. A class of quantum many-body systems such as neutron
matter and cold Fermi gases share the same universal thermodynamic properties
when interactions reach the maximum effective value allowed by quantum
mechanics, the so-called unitary limit [1,2]. It is then possible to simulate
some astrophysical phenomena inside the highly controlled environment of an
atomic physics laboratory. Previous work on the thermodynamics of a
two-component Fermi gas led to thermodynamic quantities averaged over the trap
[3-5], making it difficult to compare with many-body theories developed for
uniform gases. Here we develop a general method that provides for the first
time the equation of state of a uniform gas, as well as a detailed comparison
with existing theories [6,14]. The precision of our equation of state leads to
new physical insights on the unitary gas. For the unpolarized gas, we prove
that the low-temperature thermodynamics of the strongly interacting normal
phase is well described by Fermi liquid theory and we localize the superfluid
transition. For a spin-polarized system, our equation of state at zero
temperature has a 2% accuracy and it extends the work of [15] on the phase
diagram to a new regime of precision. We show in particular that, despite
strong correlations, the normal phase behaves as a mixture of two ideal gases:
a Fermi gas of bare majority atoms and a non-interacting gas of dressed
quasi-particles, the fermionic polarons [10,16-18].Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Quantum flutter of supersonic particles in one-dimensional quantum liquids
The non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated many-body systems
exhibits some of the most puzzling phenomena and challenging problems in
condensed matter physics. Here we report on essentially exact results on the
time evolution of an impurity injected at a finite velocity into a
one-dimensional quantum liquid. We provide the first quantitative study of the
formation of the correlation hole around a particle in a strongly coupled
many-body quantum system, and find that the resulting correlated state does not
come to a complete stop but reaches a steady state which propagates at a finite
velocity. We also uncover a novel physical phenomenon when the impurity is
injected at supersonic velocities: the correlation hole undergoes long-lived
coherent oscillations around the impurity, an effect we call quantum flutter.
We provide a detailed understanding and an intuitive physical picture of these
intriguing discoveries, and propose an experimental setup where this physics
can be realized and probed directly.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Observation of a pairing pseudogap in a two-dimensional Fermi gas
Pairing of fermions is ubiquitous in nature and it is responsible for a large
variety of fascinating phenomena like superconductivity, superfluidity of
He, the anomalous rotation of neutron stars, and the BEC-BCS crossover in
strongly interacting Fermi gases. When confined to two dimensions, interacting
many-body systems bear even more subtle effects, many of which lack
understanding at a fundamental level. Most striking is the, yet unexplained,
effect of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates, which is intimately
related to the two-dimensional geometry of the crystal structure. In
particular, the questions how many-body pairing is established at high
temperature and whether it precedes superconductivity are crucial to be
answered. Here, we report on the observation of pairing in a harmonically
trapped two-dimensional atomic Fermi gas in the regime of strong coupling. We
perform momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, analogous to ARPES in the
solid state, to measure the spectral function of the gas and we detect a
many-body pairing gap above the superfluid transition temperature. Our
observations mark a significant step in the emulation of layered
two-dimensional strongly correlated superconductors using ultracold atomic
gases
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