Lipid Peroxidation in the Pre-Reactive Period of Cold Injury

Pathological processes in the pre-reactive period of cold injury have not been studied.The purpose of this study is to assess the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in the body of patients in the pre-reactive period of cold injury.Material and methods. We examined patients with cold injury in the pre-reactive period. Determined: diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, the total content of low molecular weight antioxidants, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase,glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, using a SPECORD 40 spectrophotometer. The serum biochemical parameters in the serum were determined by biochemical automator analysis. Statistical processing of the data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.Results and discussion. Features of the biochemical profile of blood in the pre-reactive period of cold injury in the human body are an increase in concentration of glucose and triacylglycerides in blood, an increase in transaminase activity, as aresult of inflammatory and destructive processes, a decrease in the cholesterol concentration in the blood of patients. At the same time, the pre-reactive period of cold injury is characterized by an increase in monocytes compared with the control, which, in combination with hypoxia, leads to an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. In addition, the antioxidant protection in the pre-reactive period in the body of patients increased slightly.Conclusion. According to the results of our research, already at the stage of the pre-reactive period of cold injury there is a significant intensification of free radical lipid oxidation processes

Skewed X-inactivation is common in the general female population

X-inactivation is a well-established dosage compensation mechanism ensuring that X-chromosomal genes are expressed at comparable levels in males and females. Skewed X-inactivation is often explained by negative selection of one of the alleles. We demonstrate that imbalanced expression of the paternal and maternal X-chromosomes is common in the general population and that the random nature of the X-inactivation mechanism can be sufficient to explain the imbalance. To this end, we analyzed blood-derived RNA and whole-genome sequencing data from 79 female children and their parents from the Genome of the Netherlands project. We calculated the median ratio of the paternal over total counts at all X-chromosomal heterozygous single-nucleotide variants with coverage ≥10. We identified two individuals where the same X-chromosome was inactivated in all cells. Imbalanced expression of the two X-chromosomes (ratios ≤0.35 or ≥0.65) was observed in nearly 50% of the population. The empirically observed skewing is explained by a theoretical model where X-inactivation takes place in an embryonic stage in which eight cells give rise to the hematopoietic compartment. Genes escaping X-inactivation are expressed from both alleles and therefore demonstrate less skewing than inactivated genes. Using this characteristic, we identified three novel escapee genes (SSR4, REPS2, and SEPT6), but did not find support for many previously reported escapee genes in blood. Our collective data suggest that skewed X-inactivation is common in the general population. This may contribute to manifestation of symptoms in carriers of recessive X-linked disorders. We recommend that X-inactivation results should not be used lightly in the interpretation of X-linked variants

FEATURES OF LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION ОF YAKUTIA, DEPENDING ON ETHNICITY

The features of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the indigenous population of the north of Yakutia are studied depending on ethnicity. The analysis of blood parameters found that the average values of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol exceeded reference values in all ethnic groups. The high frequency of hypercholesterolemia due to the atherogenic fraction in all ethnic groups was shown, the highest was observed in Evenks and Yakuts. The frequency of hyperglycemia is significantly higher in the Dolgans, Evenks and Yakuts in comparison with other ethnic groups

Manifestation of magnetoelastic interactions in Raman spectra of HoxNd1−xFe3(BO3)4 crystals

Raman spectra of Ho1−xNdxFe(BO3)4 (x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25) have been studied in temperature range 10–400K. Two compositions (x=1, x=0.75) demonstrate structural phase transition with soft mode restoration. The addition of Nd atoms increases interatomic spacing and decreases the temperature of structural phase transition. The solid solutions (x=0.75, 0.5, 0.25) demonstrate the emergence of the peaks corresponding to magnetoelastic interaction below Néel temperature. The order parameter of the magnetic phase transition has been determined. The equal concentrations of holmium and neodymium atoms prevent magnon soft modes condensation caused by exchange interactions in Fe–O–Fe chains are observed. Calculations confirm the data obtained in the experiment

Effect of magnetic frustrations on magnetism of the Fe3BO5 and Co3BO5 ludwigites

The magnetic structures of Fe3BO5 and Co3BO5 ludwigites have been studied experimentally by magnetic measurements and theoretically by the combination of the group theoretical analysis and semi empiric calculations of the superexchange interactions. The different collinear spin configurations in the triads 3-1-3 and 4-2-4 including ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and dimer have been considered. For Fe3BO5 the antiferromagnetic state with zero magnetic moment per unit cell, showing the lowest energy, results to be the most probable magnetic ground state. The unusual magnetic structure comprising two virtually independent orthogonal subsystems is formed to avoid heavy frustrations of superexchange interactions between the 3-1-3 and 4-2-4 spin ladders. In Co3BO5 the magnetic frustrations present for the Co3+ high-spin state are quenched for a Co3+ low spin state resulting in the ferrimagnetic long-range order. The obtained results are discussed in comparison with experimental magnetic data.The Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia (project no. 17-02-00826-a). S.G.O. thanks the Russian Academy of Science, Russia (project no. 0356-2017-0030) for financial support. J.B. and A.A. acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish MINECO-MAT2017-83468R project, Aragonese E-12 17R RASMIA (co-funded by Fondo Social Europeo), and the European Union (FEDER (ES)).Peer reviewe

Transformation of structure and magnetic properties of Cu2MnBO5 under partial Mn3+ -> Fe3+ substitution

Single crystals of Fe-substituted Cu(2)Mn(1-x)FexBO(5) ludwigites have been synthesized using flux technique (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 - in the initial flux system). Structural properties of the synthesized compounds were studied by the single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Obtained results were analyzed in the relationship with parent compound Cu2MnBO5. It was revealed that the type of monoclinic distortions of Fe-substituted ludwigites is different from the structure of Cu2MnBO5. The real cation composition and local structure of Cu(2)Mn(1-x)FexBO(5) ludwigites were studied using XANES and EXAFS techniques, respectively. Analysis of field and thermal dependencies of magnetization showed a high dependence of the magnetic properties of these ludwigites on x with changing the type of magnetic ordering

Antiferromagnetism of the cation-ordered warwickite system Mn2-xMgxBO4 (x = 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7)

X-ray diffraction, heat capacity and magnetic measurements are performed on single crystals of Mn2-xMgxBO4 (x = 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7) with the warwickite structure. The monoclinic symmetry is found for all samples with the space group P21/n. The M1 site is occupied by trivalent Mn ions while the M2 site is occupied by a mixture of divalent Mg and Mn ions. Regular cation and charge distributions are observed, which is unusual for heterometallic warwickites. The local octahedral distortions of M1O6 show the monotonic dependence on the Mg content and are in accordance with the Jahn-Teller distortion. All samples are found to undergo long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with rather low transition temperatures of TN = 16, 14 and 13 K for x = 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7, respectively. The ordering of local octahedral distortions, caused by the strong electron-phonon interaction of the trivalent Mn ions, is proposed to stabilise the cationic ordering and, as a result, the long-range magnetic ordering in the material