An Effective Cost-Sensitive Convolutional Neural Network for Network Traffic Classification

The volume, and density of computer network traffic are increasing dramatically with the technology advancements, which has led to the emergence of various new protocols. Analyzing the huge data in large business networks has become important for the owners of those networks. As the majority of the developed applications need to guarantee the network services, while some traditional applications may work well enough without a specific service level. Therefore, the performance requirements of future internet traffic will increase to a higher level. Increasing pressure on the performance of computer networks requires addressing several issues, such as maintaining the scalability of new service architectures, establishing control protocols for routing, and distributing information to identified traffic streams. The main concern is flow detection and traffic detection mechanisms to help establish traffic control policies. A cost-sensitive deep learning approach for encrypted traffic classification has been proposed in this research, to confront the effect of the class imbalance problem on the low-frequency traffic data detection. The developed model can attain a high level of performance, particularly for low-frequency traffic data. It outperformed the other traffic classification methods

Nonlinear vibration of the spiral bevel gear under periodic torque considering multiple elastic deformation evaluations due to different bearing supports

This paper investigates two parameters effect on vibrational responses of the spiral bevel gear. Changing the gear system overall stiffness (GSOS) considering elastic deformation and periodic torques are the two parameters which are represented as the main goals of this study. In order to investigate the effects of shaft stiffness and elastic deformation, two different cases with different support locations are considered. The first case is presented by locating the support close to the gear, and in the latter one, the distance between gear and support is increased. Besides, to study the effect of torque, two main types are considered: constant and periodic excitation torque. To illustrate the dynamic behavior, the governing differential equations are solved numerically according to the Runge-Kutta method. The equations are nonlinear due to backlash and time-varying coefficients as the results of GSOS variation. Vibrational phenomena are illustrated by means of bifurcation diagrams, RMS, and Poincare maps. Particular vibrational behaviors such as "chaos" and "period-doubling" phenomena are illustrated with details. By investigating the effect of shaft stiffness, results show that when the support is far away from gear, the vibration response increased by 67.5%. Moreover, while the input torque is constant, the support movement does not cause undesirable responses such as chaotic or period-doubling responses. The periodic torque causes undesirable responses such as chaos and bifurcation and period-doubling responses

LEGAL PROTECTION FOR NURSES IN PROVIDING HEALTH SERVICES IN HOSPITALS

Legal protection of nurses in carrying out their profession to provide health services in hospitals, is a very basic thing to maximize the duties of nurses in serving clients / communities. The legal protection has been regulated in various laws and regulations, namely the Health Law, Hospital Law, Health Worker Law, Nursing Law and Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 4 Year 2018 concerning Patient Obligations and Hospital Obligations. However, this legislation only regulates the legal protection of nurses in civil cases, where the actions of nurses are considered detrimental to the client, in criminal cases there is no clear Government policy regarding legal protection for nurses, especially for nurses who have not been proven guilty but have been put in custody because it is suspected of making a mistake or negligence in nursing practice. Keywords: health services, hospitals, legal protection, nurses. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/83-18 Publication date:March 31st 201

Government Responsibility for Health Right Service in field of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hospital

The quality of the hospital is very much determined by two main factors, namely the service by hospital staff and the building and infrastructure of the hospital itself. In contrast to numerous studies and case reports on the physical complications of genital mutilation, little scientific research is available on the sexual and psychological effects of the practice. The impact that can be caused when both of these factors are not met with good is the poor hospital services, both in normal circumstances and during a disaster. Likewise, if there is an incident of malpractice in a hospital of the same type, then the law enforcement officers will easily to examine by simply checking the service standards set by the government by looking the type of hospital. It recommended that the government should be responsible establish the National Service Standards in each hospital of the same type in which it should have the same standard operating procedures in its care. In this context, the Provincial Government of South Sulawesi established a legal institution that houses hospitals or patients so that not only patients have the right to complain about their disappointment with hospital services, but hospitals can complain about patients violating the rules set by the government so that the principle of justice is achieved. Keywords: Obstetrics and Gynecology; Responsibility; Health Right; Local Governmen

Effects of opium dependency on hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of opium on hypothalamic pituitary gonad function. Fifty-six opium dependent (28 men and 28 women; mean age, 25±5 year) were enrolled for hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. The control group considered of 56 non-opium dependent subject (28 men and 28 women; mean age 25±5 year). Decreased libido or impotency was present in 26 of 28 opium dependent men. The serum testosterone level was below 9 nmol L-1 in 24 of 28 men and was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.001). The free androgen index was below normal in 16 of 28 men and was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.001). The serum LH level was less than 2 U L-1 in 17 of 28 men significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.001). Serum FSH was normal in both groups. Decreased libido was present in 16 of 28 women opium dependent. Serum LH, estradiol and progesterone levels were lower in opium group. In conclusion, of all opium addicts the large majority of men and all of women developed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The results reveal that opium can extract deleterious actions upon male and female hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis and these findings suggested that further investigations are required to determine the need for endocrine work-up in opium dependent and the important substitutive therapy

Inhibition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) rescues dopaminergic neurons in pink1-/- zebrafish

Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) are a cause of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Loss of PINK1 function causes dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. We report that both genetic and pharmacological inactivation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, prevents dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in pink1Y431* mutant zebrafish (Danio rerio) via rescue of mitochondrial respiratory chain function. In contrast, genetic inactivation of the voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, did not rescue dopaminergic neurons in PINK1 deficient Danio rerio. Subsequent gene expression studies revealed specific upregulation of the mcu regulator micu1 in pink1Y431* mutant zebrafish larvae and inactivation of micu1 also results in rescue of dopaminergic neurons. The functional consequences of PINK1 deficiency and modified MCU activity were confirmed using a dynamic in silico model of Ca2+ triggered mitochondrial activity. Our data suggest modulation of MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium homeostasis as a possible neuroprotective strategy in PINK1 mutant PD

Activation of Human Complement System by Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Is Not Affected by Dextran/Fe Ratio, Hydroxyl Modifications, and Crosslinking

While having tremendous potential as therapeutic and imaging tools, the clinical use of engineered nanoparticles has been associated with serious safety concerns. Activation of the complement cascade and release of proinflammatory factors C3a and C5a may contribute to infusion-related reactions, whereas opsonization with C3 fragments promotes rapid recognition and clearance of nanomaterials by mononuclear phagocytes. We used dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO), which are potent activators of the complement system, to study the role of nanoparticle surface chemistry in inciting complement in human serum. Using complement inhibitors and measuring levels of fluid phase markers (sC5b-9, C5a and Bb), we found that the majority of human complement activation by SPIO is through the alternative pathway (AP). SPIO prepared with high dextran/iron ratio showed some complement activation via calcium-sensitive pathways, but the AP was responsible for the bulk of complement activation and amplification. Activation via the AP required properdin, the positive regulator of the alternative C3bBb convertase. Modification of sugar alcohols of dextran with alkylating, acylating, or crosslinking agents did not overcome complement activation and C3 opsonization. These data demonstrate that human complement activation is independent of dextran modification of SPIO and suggest a crucial role of the AP in immune recognition of nano-assemblies in human serum

Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, \u3cem\u3eEupatorium capillifolium\u3c/em\u3e (Lam. dogfennel)

In vegetated landscapes, rain must pass through plant canopies and litter to enter soils. As a result, some rainwater is returned to the atmosphere (i.e., interception, I) and the remainder is partitioned into a canopy (and gap) drip flux (i.e., throughfall) or drained down the stem (i.e., stemflow). Current theoretical and numerical modeling frameworks for this process are almost exclusively based on data from woody overstory plants. However, herbaceous plants often populate the understory and are the primary cover for important ecosystems (e.g., grasslands and croplands). This study investigates how overstory throughfall (PT,o) is partitioned into understory I, throughfall (PT) and stemflow (PS) by a dominant forb in disturbed urban forests (as well as grasslands and pasturelands), Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam., dogfennel). Dogfennel density at the site was 56 770 stems ha−1, enabling water storage capacities for leaves and stems of 0.90±0.04 and 0.43±0.02 mm, respectively. As direct measurement of PT,o (using methods such as tipping buckets or bottles) would remove PT,o or disturb the understory partitioning of PT,o, overstory throughfall was modeled (PT,o′ role= presentation \u3eP′T,o) using on-site observations of PT,o from a previous field campaign. Relying on modeled PT,o′ role= presentation \u3eP′T,o, rather than on observations of PT,o directly above individual plants means that significant uncertainty remains with respect to (i) small-scale relative values of PT and PS and (ii) factors driving PS variability among individual dogfennel plants. Indeed, PS data from individual plants were highly skewed, where the mean PS:PT,o′ role= presentation \u3ePS:P′T,o per plant was 36.8 %, but the median was 7.6 % (2.8 %–27.2 % interquartile range) and the total over the study period was 7.9 %. PS variability (n=30 plants) was high (CV \u3e 200 %) and may hypothetically be explained by fine-scale spatiotemporal patterns in actual overstory throughfall (as no plant structural factors explained the variability). The total PT:PT,o′ role= presentation \u3ePT:P′T,o was 71 % (median PT:PT,o′ role= presentation \u3ePT:P′T,o per gauge was 72 %, with a 59 %–91 % interquartile range). Occult precipitation (mixed dew and light rain events) occurred during the study period, revealing that dogfennel can capture and drain dew to their stem base as PS. Dew-induced PS may help explain dogfennel\u27s improved invasion efficacy during droughts (as it tends to be one of the most problematic weeds in the improved grazing systems in the southeastern US). Overall, dogfennel\u27s precipitation partitioning differed markedly from the site\u27s overstory trees (Pinus palustris), and a discussion of the limited literature suggests that these differences may exist across vegetated ecosystems. Thus, more research on herbaceous plant canopy interactions with precipitation is merited