Exploring the cosmic microwave background as a composition of signals with Kolmogorov analysis

The problem of separation of different signals in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation using the difference in their statistics is analyzed. Considering samples of sequences which model the CMB as a superposition of signals, we show how the Kolmogorov stochasticity parameter acts as a relevant descriptor, either qualitatively or quantitatively, to distinguish the statistical properties of the cosmological and secondary signals.Comment: Mod. Phys. Lett. (in press), 13 pages, 7 figure

Probing the statistic in the cosmic microwave background

Kolmogorov's statistic is used for the analysis of properties of perturbations in the Cosmic Microwave Background signal. We obtain the maps of the Kolmogorov stochasticity parameter for W and V band temperature data of WMAP which are differently affected by the Galactic disk radiation and then we model datasets with various statistic of perturbations. The analysis shows that the Kolmogorov's parameter can be an efficient tool for the separation of Cosmic Microwave Background from the contaminating radiations due to their different statistical properties.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Analytical models of probability distribution and excess noise factor of Solid State Photomultiplier signals with crosstalk

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM), also so-called Solid State Photomultipliers (SSPM), are based on Geiger mode avalanche breakdown limited by strong negative feedback. SSPM can detect and resolve single photons due to high gain and ultra-low excess noise of avalanche multiplication in this mode. Crosstalk and afterpulsing processes associated with the high gain introduce specific excess noise and deteriorate photon number resolution of the SSPM. Probabilistic features of these processes are widely studied because of its high importance for the SSPM design, characterization, optimization and application, but the process modeling is mostly based on Monte Carlo simulations and numerical methods. In this study, crosstalk is considered to be a branching Poisson process, and analytical models of probability distribution and excess noise factor (ENF) of SSPM signals based on the Borel distribution as an advance on the geometric distribution models are presented and discussed. The models are found to be in a good agreement with the experimental probability distributions for dark counts and a few photon spectrums in a wide range of fired pixels number as well as with observed super-linear behavior of crosstalk ENF.Comment: 10 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures, Reported at 6th International Conference on "New Developments In Photodetection - NDIP11

On the Earth's tidal perturbations for the LARES satellite

Frame dragging, one of the outstanding phenomena predicted by General Relativity, is efficiently studied by means of the laser-ranged satellites LARES, LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2. The accurate analysis of the orbital perturbations of Earth's solid and ocean tides has been relevant for increasing the accuracy in the test of frame-dragging using these three satellites. The Earth's tidal perturbations acting on the LARES satellite are obtained for the 110 significant modes of corresponding Doodson number and are exhibited to enable the comparison to those of the LAGEOS and LAGEOS-2 satellites. For LARES we represent 29 perturbation modes for l=2,3,4 for ocean tides.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Eur Phys J Plus (subm. Sept 20, 2017

Hubble Diagram of Gamma-Rays Bursts calibrated with Gurzadyan-Xue Cosmology

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) being the most luminous among known cosmic objects carry an essential potential for cosmological studies if properly used as standard candles. In this paper we test with GRBs the cosmological predictions of the Gurzadyan-Xue (GX) model of dark energy, a novel theory that predicts, without any free parameters, the current vacuum fluctuation energy density close to the value inferred from the SNIa observations. We also compare the GX results with those predicted by the concordance scenario $\Lambda$-CDM. According to the statistical approach by Schaefer (2007), the use of several empirical relations obtained from GRBs observables, after a consistent calibration for a specific model, enables one to probe current cosmological models. Based on this recently introduced method, we use the 69 GRBs sample collected by Schaefer (2007); and the most recently released SWIFT satellite data (Sakamoto et al. 2007) together with the 41 GRBs sample collected by Rizzuto et al. (2007), which has the more firmly determined redshifts. Both data samples span a distance scale up to redshift about 7. We show that the GX models are compatible with the Hubble diagram of the Schaefer (2007) 69 GRBs sample. Such adjustment is almost identical to the one for the concordance $\Lambda$-CDM.Comment: 9 pages, 17 figures, 11 tables; Astr. & Astrophys. (in press

A weakly random Universe?

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is characterized by well-established scales, the 2.7 K temperature of the Planckian spectrum and the $10^{-5}$ amplitude of the temperature anisotropy. These features were instrumental in indicating the hot and equilibrium phases of the early history of the Universe and its large scale isotropy, respectively. We now reveal one more intrinsic scale in CMB properties. We introduce a method developed originally by Kolmogorov, that quantifies a degree of randomness (chaos) in a set of numbers, such as measurements of the CMB temperature in some region. Considering CMB as a composition of random and regular signals, we solve the inverse problem of recovering of their mutual fractions from the temperature sky maps. Deriving the empirical Kolmogorov's function in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe's maps, we obtain the fraction of the random signal to be about 20 per cent, i.e. the cosmological sky is a weakly random one. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Arnold (1937-2010).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figs, A & A (Lett) in press; to match the published versio

The Role and Necessity of Change Management in Organizations։ Investing CRM as an Effective System to Manage Customer Relations

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of change management characteristics in organizations. The main purpose of the research is to find out and discuss the role of change management in organizations, the main change management models, the benefits of investing CRM in a banking system that will change the way of work. A systematization of literary sources on the issue of change management presents some models steps of change management in organization. It indicates the importance of change management in today’s fast-moving world. Investigation of the topic proves that change management may help organizations become more effective customer-oriented. Analysis in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: literature review shows some examples of international experience of the discussed topic; also, the experience of CRM investing is discussed in one of the Armenian banks. Methodological tools of the research methods were analysis and synthesis, surveys. The paper presents the results of an empirical study, which shows that there are some transactions for which people prefer going to the bank. Certain services tend to go online, for example, to request account information or transfer money between accounts. The trend is that customers are moving more and more to online platforms. It was due to the introduction of the latest IT technologies in the banking system; also, during Covid-19, people preferred to do transactions online. The results show that it is necessary to use CRM tools to manage customer relationships throughout a customer life cycle, including marketing, sales, digital marketing, and customer service interactions. We suggest using CRM tools in banks to identify customers' needs as much as possible to build a stable and long-lasting bank-customer relationship. The results of the research can be helpful for banks to improve their experience, invest in CRM systems and do better change management

Planck's confirmation of the M31 disk and halo rotation

Planck's data acquired during the first 15.4 months of observations towards both the disk and halo of the M31 galaxy are analyzed. We confirm the existence of a temperature asymmetry, previously detected by using the 7-year WMAP data, along the direction of the M31 rotation, therefore indicative of a Doppler-induced effect. The asymmetry extends up to about 10 degrees (about 130 kpc) from the M31 center. We also investigate the recent issue raised in Rubin and Loeb (2014) about the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from the diffuse hot gas in the Local Group, predicted to generate a hot spot of a few degrees size in the CMB maps in the direction of M31, where the free electron optical depth gets the maximum value. We also consider the issue whether in the opposite direction with respect to the M31 galaxy the same effect induces a minimum in temperature in the Planck's maps of the sky. We find that the Planck's data at 100 GHz show an effect even larger than that expected.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, in press as a Letter in A&