1,579 research outputs found
Two-fluid and magnetohydrodynamic modelling of magnetic reconnection in the MAST spherical tokamak and the solar corona
Twisted magnetic flux ropes are ubiquitous in space and laboratory plasmas,
and the merging of such flux ropes through magnetic reconnection is an
important mechanism for restructuring magnetic fields and releasing free
magnetic energy. The merging-compression scenario is one possible start up
scheme for spherical tokamaks, which has been used on the Mega Amp Spherical
Tokamak MAST. Two current-carrying plasma rings, or flux ropes, approach each
other through the mutual attraction of their like currents, and merge, through
magnetic reconnection, into a single plasma torus, with substantial plasma
heating. 2D resistive MHD and Hall MHD simulations of this process are
reported, and new results for the temperature distribution of ions and
electrons are presented. A model of the based on relaxation theory is also
described, which is now extended to tight aspect ratio geometry. This model
allows prediction of the final merged state and the heating. The implications
of the relaxation model for heating of the solar corona are also discussed, and
a model of the merger of two or more twisted coronal flux ropes is presented,
allowing for different senses of twist
Top Notch Targeting Strategies in Cancer: A Detailed Overview of Recent Insights and Current Perspectives.
Evolutionarily conserved Notch plays a critical role in embryonic development and cellular self-renewal. It has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic activity, the latter of which is widely described. Notch-activating mutations are associated with haematological malignancies and several solid tumours including breast, lung and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Moreover, upregulation of Notch receptors and ligands and aberrant Notch signalling is frequently observed in cancer. It is involved in cancer hallmarks including proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, cancer stem cell renewal, metastasis and drug resistance. It is a key component of cell-to-cell interactions between cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment, such as endothelial cells, immune cells and fibroblasts. Notch displays diverse crosstalk with many other oncogenic signalling pathways, and may drive acquired resistance to targeted therapies as well as resistance to standard chemo/radiation therapy. The past 10 years have seen the emergence of different classes of drugs therapeutically targeting Notch including receptor/ligand antibodies, gamma secretase inhibitors (GSI) and most recently, the development of Notch transcription complex inhibitors. It is an exciting time for Notch research with over 70 cancer clinical trials registered and the first-ever Phase III trial of a Notch GSI, nirogacestat, currently at the recruitment stage
Murex medic field evaluation.
Trials: 90GE113, 90MO62, 90WH87, 90ME72, 90NO115, 90A24, 90AB17, 90AL35
Locations: Geraldton, New Norcia, Wongan Hills, Merredin, Southern Brook, Avondale, Katanning, Tenderden.
The selection SEP29.1 was outstanding for both dry matter production and seed yield over a wide range of sites varying in both rainfall and soil type. On the basis of these trials, six lines have been selected for further evaluation in 1991.
They are: SEP29.1 SEP26.2.7 GRC69 GRC87.1 87F01.28 87FB2.36
Trials 90A25 and 90NO116
Redlegged earthmite field experiments.
Very low levels of redlegged earthmite and only minor damage to test varieties was recorded in this trial. Damage ratings were recorded at 3, 4 and 5 weeks after sowing and plant yields at 3, 5 and 7 weeks, but the trial was then abandoned due to minimal responses.
90NO116 - This trial was abandoned soon after sowing due to massive germination of contaminant clover present in the paddock and negligible levels of redlegged earthmite
Electron Kinetics Inferred from Observations of Microwave Bursts During Edge Localized Modes in the Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak
Collisional damping rates for plasma waves
The distinction between the plasma dynamics dominated by collisional
transport versus collective processes has never been rigorously addressed until
recently. A recent paper [Yoon et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 033203 (2016)]
formulates for the first time, a unified kinetic theory in which collective
processes and collisional dynamics are systematically incorporated from first
principles. One of the outcomes of such a formalism is the rigorous derivation
of collisional damping rates for Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves, which can be
contrasted to the heuristic customary approach. However, the results are given
only in formal mathematical expressions. The present Brief Communication
numerically evaluates the rigorous collisional damping rates by considering the
case of plasma particles with Maxwellian velocity distribution function so as
to assess the consequence of the rigorous formalism in a quantitative manner.
Comparison with the heuristic ("Spitzer") formula shows that the accurate
damping rates are much lower in magnitude than the conventional expression,
which implies that the traditional approach over-estimates the importance of
attenuation of plasma waves by collisional relaxation process. Such a finding
may have a wide applicability ranging from laboratory to space and
astrophysical plasmas.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; Published in Physics of Plasmas, volume/Issue
23/6. Publisher: AIP Publishing LLC. Date: Jun 1, 2016. URL:
http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4953802 Rights managed by AIP
Publishing LL
On Collisionless Electron-Ion Temperature Equilibration in the Fast Solar Wind
We explore a mechanism, entirely new to the fast solar wind, of electron
heating by lower hybrid waves to explain the shift to higher charge states
observed in various elements in the fast wind at 1 A.U. relative to the
original coronal hole plasma. This process is a variation on that previously
discussed for two temperature accretion flows by Begelman & Chiueh. Lower
hybrid waves are generated by gyrating minor ions (mainly alpha-particles) and
become significant once strong ion cyclotron heating sets in beyond 1.5 R_sun.
In this way the model avoids conflict with SUMER electron temperature
diagnostic measurements between 1 and 1.5 R_sun. The principal requirement for
such a process to work is the existence of density gradients in the fast solar
wind, with scale length of similar order to the proton inertial length. Similar
size structures have previously been inferred by other authors from radio
scintillation observations and considerations of ion cyclotron wave generation
by global resonant MHD waves.Comment: 32 pages including 11 figures, 4 tables, accepted by Ap
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