Phytotherapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis from the position of evidence-based medicine

The article highlights the problem of using phytotherapy in the treatment of the most topical inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs, namely acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Phytotherapy of ENT diseases has always attracted both doctors and patients. However, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine there were a lot of questions about most herbal remedies due to the small number of reliable, well-controlled studies. This article presents the data of evidence-based studies on phytotherapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. They allow us to speak about secretolytic, secretomotor, anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, moderate antibacterial and antiviral effects of phytopreparations. A common pharmacological property of plants included in phytopreparations is the ability to block the phase of exudation and reduce the permeability of the vascular wall. Phytotherapy is a good alternative method of treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Data on the complex therapy of rhinosinusitis are given. Nevertheless, the safety and efficacy of phytotherapy for the treatment of patients with CRS are currently uncertain. The clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health 2021 on the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) note the following: any patient with ARS can be prescribed herbal remedies with proven anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effects in the absence of contraindications to accelerate resolution of the disease symptoms. The results of works devoted to the use of preparations of plant origin for the treatment of patients with acute and chronic sinusitis allow to estimate them as rather effective in the complex treatment of this group of patients. However, further controlled studies are required to obtain additional data on the effectiveness of phytotherapy

Prediction of outcomes of cytomegalovirus infection of the initial few months of life

The research was based on the data of 155 newborns with manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) appeared in the initial few months of life and on the results of the 7-years follow-up of this group of patients. While studying the courses and outcomes of CMV appeared in the initial few months of life in 155 patients of the tender age the disability is set for 22 (14,2 %) children. On the basis of discriminant analysis with the use of the most significant factors the model of prognosis of the outcomes of the carried infection was created in severe residual-organic disorders, dictating the necessity of determination of disability for children. This model can predict development of severe organ pathology in children of tender age after citomegalovirus infection appeared in the initial few months that will allow to select patients with high probability of disability and to realize for them individual rehabilitation measures to save their health in proper time

Combination of hypomorphic mutations of the Drosophila homologues of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nucleosome assembly protein family genes disrupts morphogenesis, memory and detoxification

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is essential for biological responses to endogenous and exogenous toxins in mammals. Its Drosophila homolog spineless plays an important role in fly morphogenesis. We have previously shown that during morphogenesis spineless genetically interacts with CG5017 gene, which encodes a nucleosome assembly factor and may affect cognitive function of the fly. We now demonstrate synergistic interactions of spineless and CG5017 in pathways controlling oxidative stress response and long-term memory formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Oxidative stress was induced by low doses of X-ray irradiation of flies carrying hypomorphic mutation of spineless, mutation of CG5017, and their combination. To determine the sensitivity of these mutants to pharmacological modifiers of the irradiation effect, we irradiated flies growing on standard medium supplemented by radiosensitizer furazidin and radioprotector serotonin. The effects of irradiation were investigated by analyzing leg and antenna morphological structures and by using real-time PCR to measure mRNA expression levels for spineless, Cyp6g1 and Gst-theta genes. We also examined long-term memory in these mutants using conditioned courtship suppression paradigm. Our results show that the interaction of spineless and CG5017 is important for regulation of morphogenesis, long-term memory formation, and detoxification during oxidative stress. Since spineless and CG5017 are evolutionary conserved, these results must be considered when evaluating the risk of combining similar mutations in other organisms, including humans

Диагностические возможности сочетанной детекции амидолитической активности хепсина и метилирования гена GSTP1 при раке и других заболеваниях предстательной железы

We have assessed the implication of analysis of amydolitic activity of hepsin, which is a trans-membrane serine protease of II type, in the detection of prostate cancer diagnosis. According to literature review over-expression of hepsin is characteristic for prostate cancer whereas prostatic cells do not express this protease in normal states and benign tumors of prostate. Our results have demonstrated the value of screening for hepsin activity in the diagnosis of prostatic pathologies which possibly is an adequate substitution for widely used test of prostate specific antigen determination.

Diagnostic potentials of combined detection of amidolytic activity of hepsin and <i>GSTP1</i> gene methylation in patients with malignant and other prostate diseases

We have assessed the implication of analysis of amydolitic activity of hepsin, which is a trans-membrane serine protease of II type, in the detection of prostate cancer diagnosis. According to literature review over-expression of hepsin is characteristic for prostate cancer whereas prostatic cells do not express this protease in normal states and benign tumors of prostate. Our results have demonstrated the value of screening for hepsin activity in the diagnosis of prostatic pathologies which possibly is an adequate substitution for widely used test of prostate specific antigen determination