ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИАЦЕТИЛЕНОВОЙ ГРУППЫ НА СВОЙСТВА ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

This paper describes the synthesis and the study of oligomers of bis(methacryloyl-oxy-1-hexamethylene-6-oxy)- ortho-phthaloyl (MHM-o-Ph) and its analog bis(methacryloyl-oxy-1-hexa-2,4-diyn-6-oxy)-ortho-phthaloyl (MHD-oPh) containing conjugated triple bonds in the oligomeric block. Besides the properties of polymers based on these oligomers were investigated. The polymerization of MHD-o-Ph conditions the formation of a bi-three-dimensional polymer, the skeleton of which contains a three-dimensional network of polymethacrylate macrochains and a network with a system of conjugated bonds. This system significantly affects the complex of the polymeric properties.Описаны синтез и исследование олигомеров бис(метакрилоилокси-1-гексаметилен-6-окси)-орто-фталоила (МГМ-о-Ф) и его аналога, содержащего в олигомерном блоке сопряженные тройные связи - бис(метакрилоилокси-1-гекса-2,4-диин-6-окси)-орто-фталоила (МГД-о-Ф), комплекс свойств полимеров на их основе. Полимеризация МГД-о-Ф обусловливает образование битрехмерного полимера, содержащего в остове сетку полиметакрилатных цепей и сетку с системой сопряженных связей, заметно влияющей на комплекс свойств его полимера

Learning-induced sensory plasticity of mouse olfactory epithelium

Traditionally, studies of the neurobiology of learning and memory focus on the circuitry that interfaces between sensory inputs and behavioral outputs, such as the amygdala and cerebellum. However, evidence is accumulating that some forms of learning can in fact drive stimulus­specifc changes very early in sensory systems, including not only primary sensory cortices but also precortical structures and even the peripheral sensory organs themselves. In this study, we investigated the effect of olfactory associative training on the functional activity of olfactory epithelium neurons in response to an indifferent stimulus (orange oil). It was found that such a peripheral structure of the olfactory system of adult mice as the olfactory epithelium (OE) demonstrates experience­dependent plasticity. In our experiment, associative learning led to changes in the patterns of OE cell activation in response to orange oil in comparison with the control group and animals that were given odor without reinforcement. To interpret the results obtained, we compared the distribution of MRI contrast across the zones of OE in response to a conditioned odor in trained animals and in control animals that were given orange oil at three concentrations: original (used for conditioning), 4­fold higher and 4­fold lower. Since the OE activation patterns obtained coincided in the group of trained animals and controls, which were stimulated with orange oil at the 4­fold higher concentration, it can be concluded that associative conditioning increased the sensitivity of the OE to the conditioned stimulus. The observed increase in OE response to orange oil may be the result of neurogenesis, i. e. the maturation of new olfactory neurons responsive to this stimulus, or the consequence of an increase in individual sensitivity of each OE neuron. Based on data of MRI contrast accumulation in mouse OE, the sensory plasticity way in learning­induced increase in sensitivity of OE to conditioned stimulus is more possible. Thus, the sensory plasticity of the OE plays a signifcant role in the formation of the neuronal response to the provision of an initially indifferent odor and is part of the adaptive responses to the environmental changing

Pathomorphological and pathochemical characteristic of the osteomyelitis focus in patients with diabetic osteoarthropathy (Charcot foot)

BACKGROUND: Osteomyelitis in diabetic osteoarthropathy occurs in 65 % of cases, and it is the main cause of non-traumatic amputations. The choice of optimal treatment technologies should be based on understanding the pathogenetic characteristics of this disease.AIM: To study the pathomorphological and pathochemical picture of osteomyelitic focus in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Object — 20 patients (55.3±9.33 years) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy, chronic osteomyelitis of the foot bones. The treatment consisted in surgical debridement of the purulent focus with the material collection for pathomorphological and biochemical studies, and in reposition and alignment of bone fragments with the leg and foot fixation using the Ilizarov fixator in order to form bone ankylosis of the compromised joint.RESULTS: Subacute and acute course of chronic osteomyelitis was registered in 80 % of cases. As for the pathohistological changes in bone tissue, the following ones were the most significant: necrosis and the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate of varying severity depending on the phase of the inflammatory process. The articular cartilage structure was broken in all the cases. Activation of osteoclasts was observed in the osteomyelitis focus, especially in the subchondral zone. There was no subchondral bone plate in most cases, or only its fragments remained. Pathohistological examination of the soft tissues associated with the osteomyelitis focus indicated the presence of mirocirculatory and denervation disorders due to necrosis and hyalinosis of a significant part of microvessels against the background of compensatory hypervascularisation and chronic inflammation, narrowing and obliteration of the lumens of feeding arteries, almost complete absence of nerve elements in the tissues or their destructive changes. An increase in the activity of lytic enzymes was revealed in the interstitial environment of the tissues surrounding the osteomyelitis focus (138-fold increase in the activity of acid phosphatase, interstitial osteolytic index was 7.2-fold higher than blood serum index).CONCLUSION: The pathomorphological signs of chronic osteomyelitis subacute and acute processing were observed in most patients. Breaking the articular cartilage structure was accompanied by invasion of vessels, inflammatory infiltrate, and by activation of osteoclasts in the subchondral zone. Destructive changes of vessels and nerves in the soft tissues associated with the osteomyelitis focus can be etiopathogenetic factors of this disease development. The technologies for stopping this process should be based on obligatory debridement of the focus with sequestrnecrectomy, with regular monitoring of the operated segment condition

The first results of introduction of endovascular techniques in treatment of acute coronary pathology in Chelyabinsk region

Purpose Learning outcomes of patients with acute coronary pathology in the Chelyabinsk region. Material and methods. The analysis of the activities ot a regional vascular center ot Chelyabinsk Oblast (MSH 'Road Clinical Hospital v. Chelyabinsk JSC1 Russian Railways"). as well as the estimation ot trends in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in Chelyabinsk. Results. The use of endovascular techniques in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction resulted in a reduction of mortality in medical organizations and mortality at Chelyabinsk. Conclusion. Further improvement of the results of treatment of acute coronary pathology associated with a clear execution routing patients, rational use of resources reperfusion, the introduction of electronic registers CHD patients with monitoring compliance with the criteria of accessibility and quality of medical care program of state guarantees.Цель. Изучение результатов лечения пациентов с острой коронарной патологией в Челябинской области. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ деятельности одного из региональных сосудистых центров Челябинской области (НУЗ Дорожная клиническая больница на ст. Челябинск ОАО “РЖД"), а также дана оценка динамики смертности от острых инфарктов миокарда в г.Челябинске. Результаты. Применение рентгенэндоваскулярных технологий в лечении острых инфарктов миокарда привело к снижению летальности в медицинской организации и смертности на уровне г.Челябинска. Заключение Дальнейшее улучшение результатов лечения острой коронарной патологии связано с чётким исполнением маршрутизации пациентов, рациональным применением реперфузионных средств, внедрением электронного регистра больных ИБС с мониторингом соответствия критериям доступности и качества медицинской помощи Программы государственных гаранти

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere1. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe2. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe3, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results\u2014arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far\u2014suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century4,5, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management

A Transcript Cleavage Factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Important for Its Survival

After initiation of transcription, a number of proteins participate during elongation and termination modifying the properties of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Gre factors are one such group conserved across bacteria. They regulate transcription by projecting their N-terminal coiled-coil domain into the active center of RNAP through the secondary channel and stimulating hydrolysis of the newly synthesized RNA in backtracked elongation complexes. Rv1080c is a putative gre factor (MtbGre) in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The protein enhanced the efficiency of promoter clearance by lowering abortive transcription and also rescued arrested and paused elongation complexes on the GC rich mycobacterial template. Although MtbGre is similar in domain organization and shares key residues for catalysis and RNAP interaction with the Gre factors of Escherichia coli, it could not complement an E. coli gre deficient strain. Moreover, MtbGre failed to rescue E. coli RNAP stalled elongation complexes, indicating the importance of specific protein-protein interactions for transcript cleavage. Decrease in the level of MtbGre reduced the bacterial survival by several fold indicating its essential role in mycobacteria. Another Gre homolog, Rv3788 was not functional in transcript cleavage activity indicating that a single Gre is sufficient for efficient transcription of the M. tuberculosis genome

Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts

As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex human–water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of sociohydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001)