Integrated Farming System: An ideal approach for developing more economically and environmentally sustainable farming systems for the Eastern Himalayan Region

The present work was carried out at Chandel Khullen village of Chandel hill district of Manipur during 2010-11 to 2012-13. The average holding size of the farmer was 1.33 ha in 2010-11, 1.96 ha in 2011-12 and 2.21 ha in 2012-13. The tribal farmer adopted seven components, i e crop production, vegetables, fruits, piggery, backyard poultry, fishery and water management as suggested by ICAR Manipur Centre. In 2010-11, the paddy yield was 3.5 tonnes/ha as compared to 4.79 tonnes/ha in 2012-13. It was mainly due to adoption of improved package and practices. The cabbage and onion yield increased by 103 and 54 per cent, respectively after adoption of improved cultivation methods under integrated farming system. Similarly, the papaya and banana production was increased by 275 and 270 per cent. There was marked increase in pork, chicken, egg and fish production. In 2012-13, this system also provided significantly higher Rs per Re invested than that of the other 2010-11. In Manipur, women’s participation is more in farming system rather than men. In the same way, this farming system also gives more opportunity to women to engage in agriculture farming. Thus integrated farming system provides new venture for employment and sustainable development of livelihood for North Eastern people. The overall result revealed that the improved practices with different crop and animal components are an excellent approach for sustainable production, income generation and employment opportunity for the small and marginal rural households of Manipur

Prunella vulgaris: A comprehensive review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications.

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies. So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and majority of these have been characterized mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanism of action have been investigated the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND HPTLC FINGER PRINT OF SIDDHA POLY HERBAL FORMULATION SWASA KUDORI MATHIRAIâ€

Objective: The main objective of this research paper is to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and HPTLC finger print profile of Swasa Kudori Mathirai in the midst of various siddha polyherbal formulations.Methods: Swasa Kudori Mathirai was prepared by the standard operative procedure. It was investigated for physico-chemical properties and HPTLC finger print profile by authenticated methods.Results: The values of loss on Drying at 105°C / moisture content, pH were calculated as 6.52%,5.67 respectively. Total ash, Acid insoluble Ash, Water soluble ash values were found to be 9.81%, 2.24%, 7.38% respectively. Sieve analysis revealed that 24.05%, 31.60%, 34.90% retained in 300 µm,150 µm,75 µm sieves respectively. Uniformity of weight was within the acceptable range. Friability, Hardness, Distintegration Time were found to be 0.2142%, 0.5Kg/cm2, 2 minutes 45 seconds respectively. Bulk density, Tapped density, Angle of repose, Hausner 's ratio, carr index was found to be 0.50 gm/ml,0.61 gm/ml, 34.21º,18.17%, 1.22 respectively. HPTLC finger printing revealed 4,5,7,8,9,8,8,8,6,6 phytoconstituents for the extract ranging from 1-10 µl respectively.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study will be a reference data for further research and standardization of siddha formulations in perspective days

<span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-US">Screening and characterization of antiviral compounds from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Psidium guajava </span></i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Linn.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> </i>root bark<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> </i>against white<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> </i>spot syndrome virus</span></span>

208-214<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) has been reported to cause severe mortality and economic loss in shrimp culture industry especially black tiger shrimp in worldwide. In present study, Psidium guajava Linn. root bark was serially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol then screened antiviral activity against WSSV by incubating the extracts with WSSV infected haemolymph of Penaeus monodon which was propagated earlier. The incubated haemolymph was intramuscularly injected to the second abdominal segment of Indian white shrimp Fennerropenaeus indicus and monitored the survival up to 10 days. Two step PCR detection was performed from the genomic DNA of treated shrimps using VP 28-WSSV diagnostic PCR primer. The survival and two step PCR detections revealed that, the ethyl acetate extract effectively suppressed the WSSV followed by methanol extracts and no antiviral activity was observed in the hexane extracts. Phytochemical analysis was performed with the active extracts and further this was purified through silica column chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography. The elution was screened again for anti-WSSV activity and the antiviral active elution of P. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">guajava were analysed by GC-MS which revealed that the active elution contains active compounds such as phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), diethyl phthalate, asarone, phthalic acid, butyldodecyl ester, phytol and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester. The present study revealed that there is a possibility for developing new antiviral drugs from P. guajava against WSSV infection.</span