27 research outputs found
Proposing new variables for the identification of strategic groups in franchising
The identification of strategic groups in the Spanish franchising area is the
main aim of this study. The authors have added some new strategic variables (not
used before) to the study and have classified franchisors between sectors and
distribution strategy. The results reveal the existence of four perfectly differentiated
strategic groups (types of franchisors). One of the major implications of this study is
that the variables that build a strategic group vary depending on the respective sector the network operates in and its distribution strategy. This fact indicates that including sector and distribution strategy is absolutely necessary to achieve good classifications of franchisor type
EFFECTS OF COUNTERTRADE-DIVERGENT PERCEPTIONS BETWEEN PRACTITIONERS AND NON-PARTICIPANTS [1]
EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT EXPORT ASSISTANCE FOR U.S. SMALLER‐SIZED MANUFACTURERS: SOME FURTHER EVIDENCE
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Development of a Novel Sulfoxide-Containing MS-Cleavable Homobifunctional Cysteine-Reactive Cross-Linker for Studying Protein–Protein Interactions
Cross-linking mass
spectrometry (XL-MS) has become an emerging
technology for defining protein–protein interactions (PPIs)
and elucidating architectures of large protein complexes. Up to now,
the most widely used cross-linking reagents target lysines. Although
such reagents have been successfully applied to map PPIs at the proteome-wide
scale, comprehensive PPI profiling would require additional cross-linking
chemistries. Cysteine is one of the most reactive amino acids and
an attractive target for cross-linking owing to its unique role in
protein structures. Although sulfhydryl-reactive cross-linkers are
commercially available, their applications in XL-MS studies remain
sparse, likely due to the difficulty in identifying cysteine cross-linked
peptides. Previously, we developed a new class of sulfoxide-containing
MS-cleavable cross-linkers to enable fast and accurate identification
of cross-linked peptides using multistage tandem mass spectrometry
(MS<sup><i>n</i></sup>). Here, we present the development
of a new sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable homobifunctional cysteine-reactive
cross-linker, bismaleimide sulfoxide (BMSO). We demonstrate that BMSO-cross-linked
peptides display the same characteristic fragmentation pattern during
collision-induced dissociation (CID) as other sulfoxide-containing
MS-cleavable cross-linked peptides, thus permitting their simplified
analysis and unambiguous identification by MS<sup><i>n</i></sup>. Additionally, we show that BMSO can complement amine- and
acidic-residue-reactive reagents for mapping protein-interaction regions.
Collectively, this work not only enlarges the toolbox of MS-cleavable
cross-linkers with diverse chemistries, but more importantly expands
our capacity and capability of studying PPIs in general
International Franchising in the Context of Competitive Strategy and the Theory of the Firm
Market Orientation and Performance: A Meta-Analysis and Cross-National Comparisons
Quantitative evidence drawn from a meta-analysis of 56 studies (58 samples) conducted in 28 countries reveals that market orientation is a generic determinant of firm performance. However, stronger effects were found for studies set in large, mature markets and when market orientation was measured using Kohli, Jaworski and Kumar's (1993) MARKOR scale. The meta-analysis also revealed that the value of a market orientation weakens in proportion to the cultural distance separating the home market from the USA. This study thus extends previous research by: (1) providing evidence of measurement moderators that inhibit the generalization of results obtained from studies using different scales and performance variables; (2) establishing benchmark effect sizes for specific regions around the world; and (3) revealing that the managerial value of a market orientation is significantly affected by the cultural and economic characteristics of the host country. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006.