82 research outputs found
Comparative study of the electron- and positron-atom bremsstrahlung
Fully relativistic treatment of the electron-atom and positron-atom
bremsstrahlung is reported. The calculation is based on the partial-wave
expansion of the Dirac scattering states in an external atomic field. A
comparison of the electron and positron bremsstrahlung is presented for the
single and double differential cross sections and the Stokes parameters of the
emitted photon. It is demonstrated that the electron-positron symmetry of the
bremsstrahlung spectra, which is nearly exact in the nonrelativistic regime, is
to a large extent removed by the relativistic effects
Polarization transfer in Rayleigh scattering of hard x-rays
Wereport on the first elastic hard x-ray scattering experiment where the linear polarizationcharacteristics of both the incident and the scattered radiation were observed. Rayleigh scattering wasinvestigated in a relativistic regime by using a high-Z target material, namely gold, and a photon energyof 175keV. Although the incident synchrotron radiation was nearly 100% linearly polarized, at ascattering angle of q = 90we observed a strong depolarization for the scattered photonswith adegree of linear polarization of +0.27% 0.12%only. This finding agreeswith second-orderquantum electrodynamics calculations of Rayleigh scattering, when taking into account a smallpolarization impurity of the incident photon beam which was determined to be close to 98%. Thelatter value was obtained independently from the elastic scattering by analyzing photons that wereCompton-scattered in the target. Moreover, our results indicate that when relying on state-of-the-arttheory, Rayleigh scattering could provide a very accurate method to diagnose polarization impuritiesin a broad region of hard x-ray energies
Differential energy measurement between He- and Li-like uranium intra-shell transitions
We present the first clear identification and highly accurate measurement of
the intra-shell transition 1s2p\, ^3P_2 \to 1s2s\, ^3S_1 of He-like uranium
performed via X-ray spectroscopy. The present experiment has been conducted at
the gas-jet target of the ESR storage ring in GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) where a
Bragg spectrometer, with a bent germanium crystal, and a Ge(i) detector were
mounted. Using the ESR deceleration capabilities, we performed a differential
measurement between the 1s2p\, ^3P_2 \to 1s2s\, ^3S_1 He-like U transition
energy, at 4510 eV, and the 1s^22p\ ^2P_{3/2} \to 1s^22s\, ^2S_{1/2} Li-like
U transition energy, at 4460 eV. By a proper choice of the ion velocities, the
X-ray energies from the He- and Li-like ions could be measured, in the
laboratory frame, at the same photon energy. This allowed for a drastic
reduction of the experimental systematic uncertainties, principally due to the
Doppler effect, and for a comparison with the theory without the uncertainties
arising from one-photon QED predictions and nuclear size corrections
Observation of the 2p3/2 -> 2s1/2 intra-shell transition in He-like uranium
We present the first observation of the 1s2p 3P2 ? 1s2s 3S1 transition in
He-like uranium. The experiment was performed at the internal gas-jet target of
the ESR storage ring at GSI exploiting a Bragg crystal spectrometer and a
germanium solid state detector. Using the 1s2 2p 2P3/2 ? 1s2 2s 2S1/2
transition in Li-like uranium as reference and the deceleration capabilities of
the ESR storage rings, we obtained the first evaluation of the He-like heavy
ion intra-shell transition energy
Adaptive model-driven user interface development systems
Adaptive user interfaces (UIs) were introduced to address some of the usability problems that plague many software applications. Model-driven engineering formed the basis for most of the systems targeting the development of such UIs. An overview of these systems is presented and a set of criteria is established to evaluate the strengths and shortcomings of the state-of-the-art, which is categorized under architectures, techniques, and tools. A summary of the evaluation is presented in tables that visually illustrate the fulfillment of each criterion by each system. The evaluation identified several gaps in the existing art and highlighted the areas of promising improvement
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