23 research outputs found
Baseline factors associated with early and late death in intracerebral haemorrhage survivors
Background and purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine whether early and late death are associated with different baseline factors in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) survivors.
Methods:
This was a secondary analysis of the multicentre prospective observational CROMISâ2 ICH study. Death was defined as âearlyâ if occurring within 6 months of study entry and âlateâ if occurring after this time point.
Results:
In our cohort (n = 1094), there were 306 deaths (per 100 patientâyears: absolute event rate, 11.7; 95% confidence intervals, 10.5â13.1); 156 were âearlyâ and 150 âlateâ. In multivariable analyses, early death was independently associated with age [per year increase; hazard ratio (HR), 1.05, P = 0.003], history of hypertension (HR, 1.89, P = 0.038), preâevent modified Rankin scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.41, P < 0.0001), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.11, P < 0.0001) and haemorrhage volume >60 mL (HR, 4.08, P < 0.0001). Late death showed independent associations with age (per year increase; HR, 1.04, P = 0.003), preâevent modified Rankin scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.42, P = 0.001), prior anticoagulant use (HR, 2.13, P = 0.028) and the presence of intraventricular extension (HR, 1.73, P = 0.033) in multivariable analyses. In further analyses where time was treated as continuous (rather than dichotomized), the HR of previous cerebral ischaemic events increased with time, whereas HRs for Glasgow Coma Scale score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and ICH volume decreased over time.
Conclusions:
We provide new evidence that not all baseline factors associated with early mortality after ICH are associated with mortality after 6 months and that the effects of baseline variables change over time. Our findings could help design better prognostic scores for later death after ICH
The Influence of Process Parameters on Crystalline Size of CdS Synthesized by Using a Precipitation Method
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Functional Outcome Prediction after Intracerebral Haemorrhage
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether CT-based cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) biomarkers are associated with 6-month functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and whether these biomarkers improve the performance of the preexisting ICH prediction score.
METHODS
We included 864 patients with acute ICH from a multicenter, hospital-based prospective cohort study. We evaluated CT-based SVD biomarkers (white matter hypodensities [WMH], lacunes, brain atrophy, and a composite SVD burden score) and their associations with poor 6-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to assess discrimination and calibration of the ICH score with and without SVD biomarkers.
RESULTS
In multivariable models (adjusted for ICH score components), WMH presence (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.06), cortical atrophy presence (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19-2.73), deep atrophy presence (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.34), and severe atrophy (either deep or cortical) (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.36-2.74) were independently associated with poor functional outcome. For the revised ICH score, the AUROC was 0.71 (95% CI 0.68-0.74). Adding SVD markers did not significantly improve ICH score discrimination; for the best model (adding severe atrophy), the AUROC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.69-0.76). These results were confirmed when lobar and nonlobar ICH were considered separately.
CONCLUSIONS
The ICH score has acceptable discrimination for predicting 6-month functional outcome after ICH. CT biomarkers of SVD are associated with functional outcome, but adding them does not significantly improve ICH score discrimination.
TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02513316
Self-Organized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis by Anodization in an Ionic Liquid and Assessment of Photocatalytic Properties
Self-organized TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays were produced by anodization in ethylene glycol (EG) electrolytes containing 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) ionic liquid and water. The morphology of the as-formed NTs was considerably affected by changing the anodization time, voltage, and water and ionic liquid electrolyte concentrations. In general, a nanoporous layer was formed on the top surface of the TiO2 NTs, except for anodization at 100 V with 1 vol % of BMI.BF4, where the NTâs mouth was revealed. The length and bottom diameter of the NTs as well as the pore diameter of the top layer showed a linear relationship with increased anodization voltage. These TiO2 NTs were tested as photocatalysts for methyl orange photodegradation and hydrogen evolution from water/methanol solutions by UV light irradiation. The results show that the TiO2 NTs obtained by anodization in EG/H2O/BMI.BF4 electrolytes are active and efficient for both applications