931 research outputs found
Electroweak properties of baryons in a covariant chiral quark model
The proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors and the nucleon axial
form factor have been calculated in the Goldstone-boson exchange
constituent-quark model within the point-form approach to relativistic quantum
mechanics. The results, obtained without any adjustable parameter nor quark
form factors, are, due to the dramatic effects of the boost required by the
covariant treatment, in striking agreement with the data.Comment: Proceedings of the Conference N*2001, Mainz; 4 pages, 3 figures
included in eps format; World Scientific style file include
Nucleon electromagnetic and axial form factors in point-form relativistic quantum mechanics
Results for the proton and neutron electric and magnetic form factors as well
as the nucleon axial form factor are presented for constituent quark models,
based on either one-gluon-exchange and Goldstone-boson-exchange dynamics. The
calculations are performed in a covariant framework using the point-form
approach to relativistic quantum mechanics. The only input to the calculations
is the nucleon wave function of the corresponding constituent quark model. A
comparison is given to results of the instanton-induced constituent quark model
treated with the Bethe-Salpeter equation.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, contribution to XVIII European Conference on
Few-Body Problems in Physics, September 2002, Bled, Sloveni
Covariant axial form factor of the nucleon in a chiral constituent quark model
The axial form factor G_A of the nucleon is investigated for the
Goldstone-boson-exchange constituent quark model using the point-form approach
to relativistic quantum mechanics. The results, being covariant, show large
contributions from relativistic boost effects. The predictions are obtained
directly from the quark-model wave functions, without any further input such as
vertex or constituent-quark form factors, and fall remarkably close to the
available experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure in .eps format, typeset with Elsevier elsart style
files included. Revised version with a newly added section about discussion
of results. To appear in Phys. Lett.
Covariant electroweak nucleon form factors in a chiral constituent quark model
Results for the proton and neutron electric and magnetic form factors as well
asthe nucleon axial and induced pseudoscalar form factors are presented for the
chiral constituent quark model based on Goldstone-boson-exchange dynamics. The
calculations are performed in a covariant framework using the point-form
approach to relativistic quantum mechanics. The direct predictions of the model
yield a remarkably consistent picture of the electroweak nucleon structure.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures revte
Faddeev approach to confined three-quark problems
We propose a method that allows for the efficient solution of the three-body
Faddeev equations in the presence of infinitely rising confinement
interactions. Such a method is useful in calculations of nonrelativistic and
especially semirelativistic constituent quark models. The convergence of the
partial wave series is accelerated and possible spurious contributions in the
Faddeev components are avoided. We demonstrate how the method works with the
example of the Goldstone-boson-exchange chiral quark model for baryons.Comment: 6 page
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De-pollution efficacy of photocatalytic roofing granules
Photocatalytic building surfaces can harness sunlight to reduce urban air pollution. The NOx abatement capacity of TiO2-coated granules used in roofing products was evaluated for commercial product development. A laboratory test chamber and ancillary setup were built following conditions prescribed by ISO Standard 22197-1. It was validated by exposing reference P25-coated aluminum plates to a 3 L minâ1 air flow enriched in 1 ppm NO under UVA irradiation (360 nm, 11.5 W mâ2). We characterized prototype granule-surfaced asphalt shingles and loose granules prepared with different TiO2 loadings and post-treatment formulations. Tests performed at surface temperatures of 25 and 60 °C showed that NOx abatement was more effective at the higher temperature. Preliminary tests explored the use of 1 ppm NO2 and of 1 ppm and 0.3 ppm NO/NO2 mixtures. Specimens were aged in a laboratory accelerated weathering apparatus, and by exposure to the outdoor environment over periods that included dry and rainy seasons. Laboratory aging led to higher NO removal and NO2 formation rates, and the same catalyst activation was observed after field exposure with frequent precipitation. However, exposure during the dry season reduced the performance. This inactivation was mitigated by cleaning the surface of field-exposed specimens. Doubling the TiO2 loading led to a 50â150% increase in NO removal and NOx deposition rates. Application of different post-treatment coatings decreased NO removal rates (21â35%) and NOx deposition rates (26â74%) with respect to untreated granules. The mass balance of nitrogenated species was assessed by extracting granules after UV exposure in a 1 ppm NO-enriched atmosphere
Development and evaluation of a strength-based method to promote employment of work-disability benefit recipients with multiple problems:A feasibility study
Background For people with disabilities, chances to find or keep work are negatively affected by multiple problems like lower education, poverty and poor health. Furthermore, although active labour market policies proved to be effective for unemployed in general, success rates are poor for persons who are unemployed due to multiple problems. The present study aims to describe the development of a method as well as professional training to teach its application, and to assess the feasibility of method and training. The Strength-based method (CARm) aims to promote employment of work-disability benefit recipients with multiple problems. Methods The main principles of the Strength model were redesigned for better applicability in a population of work-disability beneficiaries, resulting in the CARm method. As part of the CARm method, a training module for Labour Experts (LEs) was developed. To assess the new designed method and training, a one-group, pre-post design was used. Data were collected from eight participating LEs, five female and 3 male, aged between 41and 55âyears and having 2â17âyears working experience. We used self-report questionnaires and a semi-structured discussion meeting after the training sessions with the LEs. Results Eight labour experts (LEs) from the Dutch Social Security Institute participated in the study. Most LEs felt an improvement in their ability to ascertain developmental needs, opportunities and threats in the clientâs situation. Three months after the training, LEs almost unanimously agreed on the statements âI expect to use the CARm method more frequently in the futureâ and âI use the CARm method in daily practice whenever possibleâ. The overall rating for the training on a scale from 1 to 10 was 7.6 (range 7â9). The overall satisfaction with the trainers was good. Conclusions The CARm method and training was found to be a feasible approach to facilitate LEs working at the UWV reintegration service to support clients with multiple problems. Sufficient managerial support for participating LEs is a key factor for successful implementation of CARm. Results show that CARm is worth testing for efficacy in a future trial
A new approach to sensitivity climatologies: the DTS-MEDEX-2009 campaign
Adaptive observation is an approach to improving the quality of numerical weather forecasts through the optimization of observing networks. It is sometimes referred to as Data Targeting (DT). This approach has been applied to high impact weather during specific field campaigns in the past decade. Adaptive observations may involve various types of observations, including either specific research observing platforms or routine observing platforms employed in an adaptive way. The North-Atlantic TReC 2003 and the EURORISK-PREVIEW 2008 exercises focused on the North-Atlantic and Western Europe areas using mainly routine observing systems. These campaigns also included Mediterranean cases. <br><br> The most recent campaign, DTS-MEDEX-2009, is the first campaign in which the DT method has been used to address exclusively Mediterranean high impact weather events. In this campaign, which is an important stage in the MEDEX development, only operational radiosonde stations and commercial aircraft data (AMDAR) have provided additional observations. Although specific diagnostic studies are needed to assess the impact of the extra-observations on forecast skill and demonstrate the effectiveness of DTS-MEDEX-2009, some preliminary findings can be deduced from a survey of this targeting exercise. <br><br> After a description of the data targeting system and some illustrations of particular cases, this paper attempts some comparisons of additional observation needs (through effectively deployed radio-soundings) with sensitivity climatologies in the Mediterranean. The first step towards a sensitivity climatology for Mediterranean cases of high impact weather is indirectly given by the frequency of extra-soundings launched from the network of radiosonde stations involved in the DTS-MEDEX-2009 campaign
Transition metal ion ensembles in crystals as solid-state coherent spin-photon interfaces: The case of nickel in magnesium oxide
We present general guidelines for finding solid-state systems that could
serve as coherent electron spin-photon interfaces even at relatively high
temperatures, where phonons are abundant but cooling is easier, and show that
transition metal ions in various crystals could comply with these guidelines.
As an illustrative example, we focus on divalent nickel ions in magnesium
oxide. We perform electron spin resonance spectroscopy and
polarization-sensitive magneto-optical fluorescence spectroscopy of a dense
ensemble of these ions and find that (i) the ground-state electron spin stays
coherent at liquid-helium temperatures for several microseconds, and (ii) there
exists energetically well-isolated excited states which can couple to two
ground state spin sub-levels via optical transitions of orthogonal
polarizations. The latter implies that fast, coherent optical control over the
electron spin is possible. We then propose schemes for optical initialization
and control of the ground-state electron spin using polarized optical pulses,
as well as two schemes for implementing a noise-free, broadband quantum-optical
memory at near-telecom wavelengths in this material system.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures. Revised versio
Feasibility of family group conference to promote return-to-work of persons receiving work disability benefit
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of Family Group Conference for promoting return to work by clients receiving work disability benefits from the Social Security Institute in the Netherlands. Methods: We conducted a mixed-method pre- post-intervention feasibility study, using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and return to work plans drafted in Family Group Conferences. A convenient sample of Labour experts, Clients, and Facilitators was followed for a period of six months. Feasibility outcomes were demand, acceptability, implementation and limited efficacy of perceived mental health and level of participation. Results: Fourteen labour experts and sixteen facilitators enrolled in the study. Of 28 eligible clients, nine (32%) participated in a Family Group Conference. About 78% of the Family Group Conferences were implemented as planned. Participant satisfaction about Family Group Conference was good (mean score 7). Perceived mental health and level of participation improved slightly during follow-up. Most actions in the return to work plans were work related. Most frequently chosen to take action was the participating client himself, supported by significant others in his or her social network. Six months after the Family Group Conference five participating clients returned to paid or voluntary work. Conclusions: Family Group Conference seems a feasible intervention to promote return to work by clients on work disability benefit. Involvement of the social network may have added value to support the clients in this process. An effectiveness study to further develop and test Family Group Conferences is recommended
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