Subfossil cladocera from boreal lake gahkozero (The republic of Karelia, Russia) as paleoenvironmental proxies

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. This investigation is aimed to determine general development patterns of the natural and climatic situations and lakes of the boreal zone in the later and postglacial time in the southeastern periphery of the Fennoscandian crystalline shield since the time of the last deglaciation. The analysis of the subfossil Cladoceran community was carried out on the basis of the 23 samples of Lake Gahkozero’ bottom sediments in the Republic of Karelia. In the subfossil Cladoceran community of the lake 42 taxa have been identified. The species inhabiting the zones of the Palaearctic and Holarctic are predominant in the lake; most of the identified subfossil remains relate to the pelagic species inhabiting the open part of the reservoir. The discovered subfossil remains of the phytophilous species (representatives of the genera Alona, Alonella, Pleuroxus) indicate the presence of the well-developed zone of macrophytes in the lake. The history of the development and the evolution of the lake is traced by the change of the taxonomic composition in the column of the bottom sediments. In the samples there is a dominance of two taxa - Bosmina (Eubosmina) cf. longispina и Chydorus cf. sphaericus, which replace each other during the evolution of the lake. The analysis of the variation in the diversity of the biotic groups is carried out using indices, determining the degree of species richness, diversity, and the dominance of Cladoceran communities. Results of statistical and stratigraphic analyses are presented

Reconstruction of the history of a thermokarst lake in the Mid-Holocene based on an analysis of subfossil Cladocera (Siberia, Central Yakutia)

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. This paper presents the results of a cladoceran analysis of a sediment core with a lenght of 382 cm collected from a pingo in alas Khara Bulgunnyakh located in Central Yakutia. Based on the Cladocera analysis results, the formation of the lake had started during the Holocene climatic optimum ~6600 cal. yrs. BP. The analysis of changes in the species composition of subfossil cladoceran communities made it possible to identify, on the basis of cluster analysis, four statistically significant ecological zones. The period of optimal conditions for the Cladocera community is defined by a complex evened community structure and numerous cladoceran remains in the sediments accumulated between 6500 and 6000 cal. yrs. BP. The history of the thermokarst water body development and existence reconstructed on the basis of the subfossil cladoceran analysis was rapid and short

Adenine and guanine recognition of stop codon is mediated by different N domain conformations of translation termination factor eRF1

Positioning of release factor eRF1 toward adenines and the ribose-phosphate backbone of the UAAA stop signal in the ribosomal decoding site was studied using messenger RNA (mRNA) analogs containing stop signal UAA/UAAA and a photoactivatable cross-linker at definite locations. The human eRF1 peptides cross-linked to these analogs were identified. Cross-linkers on the adenines at the 2nd, 3rd or 4th position modified eRF1 near the conserved YxCxxxF loop (positions 125–131 in the N domain), but cross-linker at the 4th position mainly modified the tripeptide 26-AAR-28. This tripeptide cross-linked also with derivatized 3′-phosphate of UAA, while the same cross-linker at the 3′-phosphate of UAAA modified both the 26–28 and 67–73 fragments. A comparison of the results with those obtained earlier with mRNA analogs bearing a similar cross-linker at the guanines indicates that positioning of eRF1 toward adenines and guanines of stop signals in the 80S termination complex is different. Molecular modeling of eRF1 in the 80S termination complex showed that eRF1 fragments neighboring guanines and adenines of stop signals are compatible with different N domain conformations of eRF1. These conformations vary by positioning of stop signal purines toward the universally conserved dipeptide 31-GT-32, which neighbors guanines but is oriented more distantly from adenines

Sustainable development of territories based on the integrated use of industry, resource and environmental potential

Purpose: Attention to the problems of social and economic development of rural areas by Government authorities, economists and the scientific community was mainly theoretical or sometimes targeted practical in nature. Design/Methodology/Approach: At the same time, rural poverty and high unemployment rate, worsening demographic situation, reducing network of institutions of social infrastructure in rural areas, which together have a negative impact on the reproduction of labor resources, lower production volumes and high migration rates have always been the problems of rural development in the country. Findings: Overall, sustainable development of rural areas characterizes, on the one hand, external major natural resource constraints that form a distant prospect, and on the other hand, determine the possibilities of social and economic development of rural communities, economic entities, diversification of the territory's economy, the formation of new activities and environmental engineering. This is a very wide range of problems, which are currently considered from different perspectives in Russia and in several countries of the world. Practical implications: The article discusses the problems of economic development of rural areas as the main factor in ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas of the agrarian regions of Russia. Originality/Value: The authors define the core resources for development of the rural areas in the region, provide an overview of agribusiness and tourism industry clusters, reveling their points of growth, cluster sales channels, tourism and recreation development.peer-reviewe

EFFECT OF FERROTHERAPY ON COURSE OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MILD IRON DEFICIENCY IN MEN

Aim. To assess effect of ferrotherapy on course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) associated with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and latent iron deficiency (ID). Material and methods. 80 male patients, coal miners, aged 51±7.9 years, were observed. 28 patients had angina pectoris associated with the mild IDA, 23 patients experienced myocardial infarction accompanied by the mild IDA and 29 patients had angina with latent ID. Latent ID was defined in case of iron plasma level ≤12 µg/l, IDA was diagnosed in case of hemoglobin level <130 mg/l. The minimal hemoglobin level observed in patients was 107g/l. ICD clinical characteristics were compared before and after 3-week iron-based treatment in individualized doses. Results. Latent ID and mild IDA aggravated angina and increased ectopic myocardial activity in patients with IHD. Iron-based therapy with appropriate nutrition reduced angina attacks frequency, duration and intensity, decreased nitroglycerin consumption and increased exercise tolerance. Conclusion. Normalization of haemoglobin level and iron plasma concentration in the mild IDA as well as normalization of iron plasma concentration in ID in patients with IHD reduces ede-ma and dyspnea, decreases heart rate. These effects are provided due to the treatment with elementary iron in individualized course dose, which improves clinical status and minimizes the adverse reactions

Terrestrial environmental conditions during the Last Interstadial based on analysis of aquatic invertebrate communities from coastal exposures at the Dmitry Laptev Strait

For the first time, data on the composition of cladoceran communities in lake bottom sediments from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island and Oyogos Yar on the coast of the Dmitry Laptev Strait during the last major interglacial period (MIS 5e, 124-119 thousand years ago) have been obtained. 13 Cladocera taxa were identified in the composition of the taphocenoses. The composition of the Cladocera taphocenoses of Oyogos Yar indicates the presence of a well-developed littoral zone in the paleolakes, as most of the cladoceran remains belong to littoral-phytophilic taxa closely associated with macrophytes. In the Cladocera communities of Oyogos Yar, both cold-water representatives and more southern thermophilic taxa, such as Leydigia leydigi, were found. The findings of Cladocera remains from the MIS 5e period on the coast of the Laptev Sea, significantly north of their current ranges, allow for the reconstruction of warmer climatic conditions than those of today. The data obtained on Cladocera are well consistent with the results of chironomid analysis.</jats:p

Внегоспитальная остановка кровообращения в Республике Крым: анализ эпидемиологии и практики оказания помощи

Introduction. Efficient organization of measures aimed at decreasing mortality from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) warrants a clear understanding of OHCA epidemiology and performance of the prehospital care system in such cases. The study was aimed at performing respective analysis and identifying the ways for improving prehospital management of OHCA in the Republic of Crimea.Material and methods. Annual data from the Crimean OHCA and Resuscitation Registry for 2018 were utilized. All OHCA cases attended by emergency medical services (EMS) with attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were included, regardless of cardiac arrest etiology or patients’ age (n=419). For ensuring conformity and comparability of the study results, data collection and analysis were executed in correspondence with the statements of the Utstein recommendations.Results. The overall incidence of EMS-attended OHCA in the Republic of Crimea was 673.3 per 100,000 population per year, the incidence of OHCA with attempted CPR – 21.9 per 100,000 population per year, the proportion of CPR attempts out of all OHCA cases – 3.3%. Mean patient age was 66.9 years, and 52.7% were male. The etiology was cardiac in 42.5% cases. In 71.8% cases OHCA was witnessed by EMS, in 25.5% – by a bystander before EMS arrival. Bystanders initiated CPR in 5.7% cases. The initial rhythm was asystole in 80.4% of all cases. When excluding EMS-witnessed cases, the mean EMS response time was 13 min. 5.0% patients had a sustained return of spontaneous circulation at hospital admission. Survival was associated with lower EMS response time (p=0.027), administration of shock (p&lt;0.001) and advanced airway management with endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask (p=0.047).Conclusion. High incidence of OHCA, low rates of CPR commencement and low rates of survival from OHCA in the Republic of Crimea determine the necessity of implementing a comprehensive program to improve prehospital care in the region. Considering the critical relevance of early intervention in OHCA and the revealed low bystander CPR rate, the measures for involving community into the process of prehospital care should form the basis of this program.Введение. Рациональная организация мероприятий по снижению летальности при внегоспитальной остановке кровообращения (ВГОК) требует ясного понимания эпидемиологии и особенностей функционирования системы догоспитальной помощи в случаях ВГОК. Цель исследования состояла в проведении соответствующего анализа и определении направлений оптимизации догоспитальной помощи при ВГОК в Республике Крым.Материал и методы. Использованы данные Крымского регистра случаев ВГОК и сердечно-легочной реанимации (СЛР) за 2018 г. В анализ включены все случаи ВГОК с предпринятой СЛР, зафиксированные службой скорой медицинской помощи (СМП), независимо от причины ВГОК и возраста пациентов (n=419). Для обеспечения согласованности и сопоставимости результатов исследования сбор и анализ данных проводился в соответствии с положениями международных рекомендаций Utstein.Результаты. Общая частота случаев ВГОК, зафиксированных СМП в Республике Крым, составляет 673,3 случая на 100 000 населения в год, частота случаев ВГОК с предпринятой СЛР — 21,9 на 100 000 населения в год, доля случаев проведения СЛР в общем числе случаев ВГОК — 3,3%. Средний возраст пациентов — 66,9 года, пациентов мужского пола — 52,7%. В 42,5% случаев к развитию ВГОК привела патология сердца. В 71,8% случаев ВГОК наступила в присутствии бригады СМП, а в 25,5% случаев — в присутствии свидетелей до приезда СМП. Очевидцы проводили СЛР в 5,7% случаев. В 80,4% случаев первоначально была выявлена асистолия. При ВГОК, развившейся до приезда СМП, среднее время от приема вызова до прибытия СМП составило 13 минут, 5,0% пациентов после успешной реанимации были переданы персоналу больницы. Выживание оказалось статистически значимо связано с меньшим периодом до прибытия СМП (p=0,027), проведением дефибрилляции (p&lt;0,001) и обеспечением проходимости дыхательных путей с помощью ларингеальной маски или эндотрахеальной трубки (p=0,047).Выводы. Высокая встречаемость ВГОК, низкая частота проведения СЛР и высокая летальность при ВГОК в Республике Крым определяют необходимость реализации комплексной программы, направленной на оптимизацию догоспитальной помощи в регионе. Учитывая критическую важность раннего оказания помощи при ВГОК и низкую частоту проведения СЛР очевидцами, основу программы должны составлять мероприятия по привлечению населения к оказанию первой помощи

Paleontological records indicate the occurrence of open woodlands in a dry inland climate at the present-day Arctic coast in western Beringia during the Last Interglacial

Permafrost records, accessible at outcrops along the coast of Oyogos Yar at the Dmitry Laptev Strait, NE-Siberia, provide unique insights into the environmental history of Western Beringia during the Last Interglacial. The remains of terrestrial and freshwater organisms, including plants, coleopterans, chironomids, cladocerans, ostracods and molluscs, have been preserved in the frozen deposits of a shallow paleo-lake and indicate a boreal climate at the present-day arctic mainland coast during the Last Interglacial. Terrestrial beetle and plant remains suggest the former existence of open forest-tundra with larch (Larix dahurica), tree alder (Alnus incana), birch and alder shrubs (Duschekia fruticosa, Betula fruticosa, Betula divaricata, Betula nana), interspersed with patches of steppe and meadows. Consequently, the tree line was shifted to at least 270. km north of its current position. Aquatic organisms, such as chironomids, cladocerans, ostracods, molluscs and hydrophytes, indicate the formation of a shallow lake as the result of thermokarst processes. Steppe plants and beetles suggest low net precipitation. Littoral pioneer plants and chironomids indicate intense lake level fluctuations due to high evaporation. Many of the organisms are thermophilous, indicating a mean air temperature of the warmest month that was greater than 13 °C, which is above the minimum requirements for tree growth. These temperatures are in contrast to the modern values of less than 4 °C in the study area. The terrestrial and freshwater organism remains were found at a coastal exposure that was only 3.5. m above sea level and in a position where they should have been under sea during the Last Interglacial when the global sea level was 6-10. m higher than the current levels. The results suggest that during the last warm stage, the site was inland, and its modern coastal situation is the result of tectonic subsidence. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd