Temperature deformations of the mirror of a radio telescope antenna

The stress informed state of the mirror of an antenna, with a diameter of 3 m, for a radio interferometer used in space, and located in a temperature field is examined. The mirror represents a parabolic shell, consisting of 19 identical parts. The problem is based on representations of the thermoelasticity of thin shells

Analysis of protector mechanism of probiotics using DNA comet assay

Ecology affects human organism by causing breaks in DNA and, therefore, induce mutations and malignant cell formation. Comet assay is a quantitative method that allows to measure DNA damage in eukaryotic cells (Liao, McNutt, & Zhu, 2009). This method is widely used in areas, such as human biomonitoring, genotoxicology, and ecology. Comet assay is also called a single-cell gel electrophoresis. Thus, the products of electrophoresis are analyzed under the fluorescent light, which makes it similar to comets. DNA strand breaks are detected by comparing the intensity of the comet tail relative to the head (Collins, 2004). Probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus were used, as Lactobacilli probiotics were found to be safe and effective against urogenital diseases, food hypersensitivity, and dental caries (Lebeer, Vanderleyden, & De Keersmaeckler, 2008). The aim of the research was to study DNA protector mechanism for three probiotic products, containing L. rhamnosus

Analysis of protector mechanism of probiotics using DNA comet assay

Ecology affects human organism by causing breaks in DNA and, therefore, induce mutations and malignant cell formation. Comet assay is a quantitative method that allows to measure DNA damage in eukaryotic cells (Liao, McNutt, & Zhu, 2009). This method is widely used in areas, such as human biomonitoring, genotoxicology, and ecology. Comet assay is also called a single-cell gel electrophoresis. Thus, the products of electrophoresis are analyzed under the fluorescent light, which makes it similar to comets. DNA strand breaks are detected by comparing the intensity of the comet tail relative to the head (Collins, 2004). Probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus were used, as Lactobacilli probiotics were found to be safe and effective against urogenital diseases, food hypersensitivity, and dental caries (Lebeer, Vanderleyden, & De Keersmaeckler, 2008). The aim of the research was to study DNA protector mechanism for three probiotic products, containing L. rhamnosus

Draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLS17

The human gut microbiome is an organ that provides primary barrier protection against foreign agents. Most of the microorganisms are different strains of commensal bacteria that are colonized in the gut. Gut flora influence food metabolism and have an antagonistic effect on different pathogens and immunomodulatory properties (1). One of the main species of gut flora is in the genus Lactobacillus...This work was supported by grant 0113PK00783 from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbial communities from a Central Asian population

OBJECTIVE: Changes in the gut microbiota are increasingly recognised to be involved in many diseases. This ecosystem is known to be shaped by many factors, including climate, geography, host nutrition, lifestyle and medication. Thus, knowledge of varying populations with different habits is important for a better understanding of the microbiome. DESIGN: We therefore conducted a metagenomic analysis of intestinal microbiota from Kazakh donors, recruiting 84 subjects, including male and female healthy subjects and metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients aged 25-75 years, from the Kazakh administrative centre, Astana. We characterise and describe these microbiomes, the first deep-sequencing cohort from Central Asia, in comparison with a global dataset (832 individuals from five countries on three continents), and explore correlations between microbiota, clinical and laboratory parameters as well as with nutritional data from Food Frequency Questionnaires. RESULTS: We observe that Kazakh microbiomes are relatively different from both European and East Asian counterparts, though similar to other Central Asian microbiomes, with the most striking difference being significantly more samples falling within the Prevotella-rich enterotype, potentially reflecting regional diet and lifestyle. We show that this enterotype designation remains stable within an individual over time in 82% of cases. We further observe gut microbiome features that distinguish MetS patients from controls (eg, significantly reduced Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, Bifidobacteria and Subdoligranulum, alongside increased Prevotella), though these overlap little with previously published reports and thus may reflect idiosyncrasies of the present cohort. CONCLUSION: Taken together, this exploratory study describes gut microbiome data from an understudied population, providing a starting point for further comparative work on biogeography and research on widespread diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN37346212; Post-results

Dynamic changes in microbiome composition following Mare's milk intake for prevention of collateral antibiotic effect

INTRODUCTION: Probiotics and prebiotics are widely used for recovery of the human gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. High antibiotic usage is especially common in children with developing microbiome. We hypothesized that dry Mare's milk, which is rich in biologically active substances without containing live bacteria, could be used as a prebiotic in promoting microbial diversity following antibiotic treatment in children. The present pilot study aims to determine the impacts of dry Mare's milk on the diversity of gut bacterial communities when administered during antibiotic treatment and throughout the subsequent recovery phase. METHODS: Six children aged 4 to 5 years and diagnosed with bilateral bronchopneumonia were prescribed cephalosporin antibiotics. During the 60 days of the study, three children consumed dry Mare's milk whereas the other three did not. Fecal samples were collected daily during antibiotic therapy and every 5 days after antibiotic therapy. Total DNA was isolated and taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. To assess the immune status of the gut, stool samples were analyzed by bead-based multiplex assays. RESULTS: Mare's milk treatment seems to prevent the bloom of Mollicutes, while preventing the loss of Coriobacteriales. Immunological analysis of the stool reveals an effect of Mare’s milk on local immune parameters under the present conditions

Short-chain fatty acid propionate protects from hypertensive cardiovascular damage

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension and its organ sequelae show characteristics of T cell mediated inflammatory diseases. Experimental anti-inflammatory therapies have been shown to ameliorate hypertensive end-organ damage. Recently, the CANTOS study targeting interleukin-1β demonstrated that anti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular risk. The gut microbiome plays pivotal role in immune homeostasis and cardiovascular health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced from dietary fiber by gut bacteria and affect host immune homeostasis. Here, we investigated effects of the SCFA propionate in two different mouse models of hypertensive cardiovascular damage. METHODS: To investigate the effect of SCFA on hypertensive cardiac damage and atherosclerosis, wild-type NMRI (WT) or ApoE(-/-) deficient mice received propionate (200mM) or control in the drinking water. To induce hypertension, WT mice were infused with Angiotensin (Ang)II (1.44mg/kg/d s.c.) for 14 days. To accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, ApoE(-/-) mice were infused with AngII (0.72mg/kg/d s.c.) for 28 days. Cardiac damage and atherosclerosis were assessed using histology, echocardiography, in vivo electrophysiology, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Blood pressure was measured by radiotelemetry. Regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion using PC61 antibody was used to examine the mode of action of propionate. RESULTS: Propionate significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, vascular dysfunction, and hypertension in both models. Susceptibility to cardiac ventricular arrhythmias was significantly reduced in propionate-treated AngII-infused WT mice. Aortic atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly decreased in propionate-treated ApoE(-/-). Systemic inflammation was mitigated by propionate treatment, quantified as a reduction in splenic effector memory T cell frequencies and splenic T helper 17 cells in both models, and a decrease in local cardiac immune cell infiltration in WT mice. Cardioprotective effects of propionate were abrogated in Treg-depleted AngII-infused mice, suggesting the effect is Treg-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Our data emphasize an immune-modulatory role of SCFAs and their importance for cardiovascular health. The data suggest that lifestyle modifications leading to augmented SCFA production could be a beneficial non-pharmacological preventive strategy for patients with hypertensive cardiovascular disease

Application of geoinformation technology in the armed forces in the Republic of Kazakhstan / Применение геоинформационных технологий в Вооруженных Силах Республики Казахстан / Primena geoinformacione tehnologije u Oružanim snagama Republike Kazahstan

Introduction / purpose: This article is written in order to acquaint readers with geoinformation technology in the process of organizing topographic and geodetic support, as well as to make recommendations and suggestions that will enable the formation of an effective and comprehensive system of geoinformation support for the Armed Forces, other troops and military units of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: The analytical approach was used in the analysis of the causes of local warfare, armed conflicts and use of high-precision weapons in combat operations where sophisticated reconnaissance, geoinformation systems and communications are involved. The conclusions were also drawn on the basis of the analysis of the historical development of geoinformation technologies. Results: The article provides a brief overview of geospatial support systems using geoinformation technologies in foreign countries and the topographic service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Conclusions: Creating a unified state geoinformation space is of high importance since technologies are developing in the direction of the distribution of geoportals, cloud services and the development of serviceoriented architecture systems that will allow the creation of distributed GIS of various kinds. Integration of geographic information systems with rapidly developing systems of remote sensing of the Earth will dramatically increase the capabilities of modern GIS, allowing real-time updating of spatial information, especially in the field of important decision-making. / Введение/цель: Данная статья написана с целью ознакомления читателей с геоинформационной технологией в процессе организации топогеодезического обеспечения, а также с выработкой рекомендаций и предложений, которые позволят сформировать эффективную и полноценную систему геоинформационного обеспечения Вооруженных Сил, других войск и воинских формирований Республики Казахстан. Методы: Применяя аналитический подход при исследовании причин локальных войн и вооруженных конфликтов с использованием высокоточного оружия и маневренных боевых действий с помощью видовых средств разведки, геоинформационных систем и связи. Выводы были сделаны и на основании анализа исторических аспектов становления и развития геоинформационной технологии. Результаты: В статье приведен краткий обзор систем геопространственного обеспечения с использованием геоинформационных технологий в зарубежных государствах и топографической службе Вооруженных Сил Республики Казахстан. Выводы: Создание единого государственного географического информационного пространства является весьма важным фактором, так как технологии развиваются в направлении распространения геопорталов, облачных сервисов и развитие систем сервисноориентированной архитектуры, которые обеспечат создание ГИС различной направленности. Интеграция геоинформационных систем с быстро развивающимися системами дистанционного зондирования Земли резко увеличит возможности современных ГИС, позволяя в режиме реального времени актуализировать пространственную информацию, особенно в области принятия важных решений. / Uvod/cilj: Cilj članka je da upozna čitaoce sa geoinformacionom tehnologijom u procesu organizovanja topografske i geodetske podrške, kao i da dȃ preporuke i predloge koji će omogućiti formiranje efikasnog i sveobuhvatnog sistema geoinformacione podrške za oružane snage, ostale trupe i vojne jedinice Republike Kazahstan. Metode: Pri metodu analize uzroka lokalnih ratova, oružanih sukoba i upotrebe visoko-preciznog oružja u vođenju borbenih operacija u kojima se primenjuju sofisticirana sredstva za izviđanje, kao i savremeni geografski informacioni sistemi i komunikacije, korišćen je analitički pristup. Zaključci su izvedeni i na osnovu analize istorijskog razvoja geografskih informacionih tehnologija. Rezultati: Ukratko su prikazani sistemi geoprostorne podrške koji koriste geoinformacione tehnologije, kako u stranim zemljama, tako i u topografskoj službi Oružanih snaga Republike Kazahstan. Zaključak: Stvaranje jedinstvenog državnog geoinformacionog prostora je od velike važnosti, budući da se tehnologije razvijaju u pravcu distribucije geoportala, ka uslugama putem cloud-a i sistemima računarske arhitekture usmerenim na usluge, koji će omogućiti stvaranje raznovrsnih geoinformacionih sistema. Integrisanje geografskih informacionih sistema sa sistemima daljinske detekcije Zemlje koji se brzo razvijaju drastično će povećati mogućnosti modernog GIS-a, omogućavajući ažuriranje prostornih informacija u realnom vremenu, posebno u oblasti donošenja važnih odluka

Screening of lipid degrading microorganisms for wastewater treatment

Aims: Fats, oils and greases (FOG) are poorly removable materials in wastewater treatment systems. The aim of this work is to find the most suitable strain(s) for a biological treatment technology of FOGs polluted wastewaters. Methodology and results: The 142 microorganisms from polluted environment were screened for lipase activity (LA) by sequentially using assays on agar-Tween 80, agar-fats, and turbidimetrically measuring the quantity of calcium salts with fatty acids. The isolates G23, G30, and Zb32 showed highest units of LA and were identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Lipid masses were determined gravimetrically after chloroform/ethyl alcohol extraction. In the model solutions with animal fats the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa G23 reduced mass fractions of mutton fat, beef tallow, and lard by 79±5%, 88±4%, and 80±6% respectively. Under the same conditions Aeromonas punctata G30 reduced: 65±3%, 60±8%, and 75±4%, and P. aeruginosa Zb32 reduced: 47±5%, 52±6% and 73±7%. In the model solutions with FOGs trap specimens as a carbon source from the local cafeteria the strains P. aeruginosa G23, A. punctata G30, and P. aeruginosa Zb32 reduced a lipid mass fraction by 61.5±7%, 45.2±5%, and 37.5±3% respectively.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The strain P. aeruginosa G23 is the most effective lipid-degrading microorganism and the best candidate to use in biological treatment technology of FOGs polluted wastewater in Kazakhstan