Effect of Curing Conditions and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Strength of an Expansive Soil Stabilized with a Combination of Lime, Jaggery, and Gallnut Powder

This investigation involved the utilization of the combination of lime, jaggery, and gallnut powder, adopted in South India traditionally. This combination of materials, used for the manufacture of lime-based mortars, was adopted in stabilization of an expansive soil. Three combinations of lime, jaggery, and gallnut powder (LJG) in the ratios of 8 : 2 : 2, 8 : 2 : 1, and 8 : 1 : 2 were put into use. The effect of subjecting the combinations to alternate cycles of freeze-thaw (up to 3 cycles) and three different curing conditions of air, moisture, and heat was also investigated. In addition, a mineralogical investigation for studying the reaction products was also carried out. The investigation proceeded with the determination of the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of stabilized specimens of dimensions 38 mm × 76 mm, cured for periods of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results of the investigation revealed that the addition of LJG resulted in an increase in the strength of the stabilized soil. Freeze-thaw cycles resulted in a reduction in strength with LJG821 proving to be the most optimal combination developing the maximum strength and least strength loss due to freeze-thaw cycles. Thermal curing proved to be the most optimal curing condition out of all curing conditions evaluated

Evaluation of within-breed genetic diversity in Krishna Valley cattle: an endangered breed of south India

Krishna Valley breed, an endangered draught breed of cattle, evaluated for within breed genetic diversity. The study revealed 169 alleles with the observed number of alleles ranging from 3 to 11. The mean PIC value was high (0.6640±0.03) and 21 loci possessed the PIC values of more than 0.5. Despite small size of the population, Krishna Valley breed of cattle possesses moderately high within- breed genetic diversity (0.7075±0.03) resulting from retention of some rare alleles in small frequencies. Overall FIS value indicated that the population has suffered high amount of inbreeding which is due to very small population size and also the practice of non-random mating due to unavailability of bulls. But departure of the majority of the loci from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and high FIS value (18.18 %) urge the breeders and policy makers to take immediate conservation measures of the breed

Random Regression for Modeling Semen Fertility in HF Purebred and Crossbred Bulls Using a Bayesian Framework

Data on insemination records of Holstein Friesian (HF) purebred (n=45,497) and crossbred (n=58,497) collected from the BAIF Research Foundation were utilized. The conception rate was modeled as a binary trait, using linear repeatability models. Random regression models (RRM) were used to obtain the trajectory of variance components across age of the bulls. Legendre Polynomials up to order of fit of 4 were used for the random effects of additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. 200,000 Gibbs samples were generated with a burn-in of 20,000 and thinning interval of 50 using the THRGIBBS1F90 program. Heritability estimates were very low (0.1) in both breeds but peaked at the extreme ages. Heritability and repeatability estimates ranged between 0.038 (8 years) to 0.627 (10 years) and 0.060 to 0.809 respectively in purebreds. Narrower ranges of 0.010 (4 years) to 0.087 (11 years) and 0.532 to 0.832 for heritability and repeatability respectively, were obtained in crossbreds. Effect of permanent environment was low in purebreds compared to the crossbreds. The study using RRM was able to provide genetic parameter estimates of fertility for all ages throughout the productive lifespan of bulls

A Review on 1,2,3 - Triazole & Piperazine Derivatives with Various Biological Activities

The largest family of organic molecules in organic chemistry are heterocyclic compounds. A heterocyclic compound is created when an oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, or atom of a similar element is included in place of a carbon atom. Heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in daily living. It has a wide scope of uses in agrochemicals and medicinal chemistry. One of a pair of chemical compounds known as triazoles and Piperazine, with the molecular formula C2H3N3 and C5H5N. A fundamental aromatic heterocyclic scaffold is 1,2,3-triazole and piperazine. Because of its structural characteristics, these moiety’s are valuable in material science and due to its extensive application in chemistry, these can also be synthesized from readily available compounds. This literature review sheds light on the fact that 1,2,3-triazole and piperazine of hetero compounds are profoundly receptive and are known to possess potent diverse activities like, analgesic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, and so forth. In conclusion numerous biological actions of the Piperazine and 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives of heterocyclic compounds were detailed and reviewed in this review. Keywords: 1,2,3 - Triazole; Biological activities; Piperazine; Anticancer Activit

Genetic characterization of Barbari goats using microsatellite markers

Genetic variation in Barbari goats, a highly prolific breed distributed widely in the northern part of India, known for better milk and meat quality, was studied as a part of genetic characterization and conservation. The genomic DNA from 50 unrelated Barbari goats were amplified via PCR with a panel of 21 microsatellite markers, and resolved through 6 per cent denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 11, with allele sizes ranging from 88 to 220 bp. The distribution of allele frequencies was between 0.0104 and 0.5208. Polymorphism information content varied from 0.5563 to 0.8348. The population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all except two microsatellite loci (ILSTS044 and ILSTS060). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.8478 to 1.0000 while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.6208 to 0.8509. Based on the results of the present study, there is a good scope for exploiting the genetic variability in the Barbari goats for further improvement of performance

Indigenous technical know-how in the healthcare of domestic animals

462-463The Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) in utilizing some of the commonly available ingredients of plants used by our rural farmers, have been observed and documented along with their scientific rationale in the treatment of many diseases affecting livestock

Traditional technologies in the improvement of breeds of livestock in Tamil Nadu

303-306 Animal husbandry has been practiced in India since time immemorial. Among different species of livestock kept by farmers, cattle and buffaloes are maintained by maximum numbers in varying combinations. Earlier various methods were used for the improvement of the breeds of livestock. Tamil Nadu is endowed with some recognized breeds of cattle (5), buffalo (1), sheep (8) and goat (1), besides many non-descript domestic animal species. There are certain traditional background in the evolution and existence of these breeds. Selection of animals and planned mating were evolved in earlier days itself. Further, efforts are being made by the farmers to change their sire in the herd / flock for improvement even with out knowing the underlying principles. Indigenous technical know-how used for the improvement of breeds of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats and pigs in Kerala have been discussed. </smarttagtype

Evaluation of genetic diversity in Mecheri sheep (Ovis aries) of Tamil Nadu using microsatellite markers

401-403Evaluation of genetic variation was carried out using microsatellite markers in 48 Mecheri sheep of Tamil Nadu as a part of genetic characterisation and conservation. The number of observed alleles ranged from 3 to 8 with a mean of 5 across all loci. The size of alleles ranged from 74 to 224 bp. The frequency of alleles ranged from 0.0208 to 0.6250. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.52 to 0.79 with a mean of 0.66. The population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The overall mean expected heterozygosity was 0.71. The inbreeding estimate within-population was 0.004, indicating excess of heterozygotes in the population of Mecheri sheep. The panel of microsatellites used was highly informative for molecular characterisation and could be used for exploitation of genetic diversity of the related breeds for conservation

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Microsatellite marker based assessment of genetic structure of Coimbatore breed of sheep (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Ovis aries</i>) in Tamil Nadu </span>

203-206Coimbatore sheep, popularly known as Kurumbai Adu or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Coimbatore Kurumbai, produce coarse carpet wool in addition to their use mainly as meat animal. In the present study, a total of 24 microsatellite primer sets were utilized to characterize the Coimbatore sheep. The number of alleles ranged from 2 (CSSM47, CSSM31 & MAF214) to 10 (OarHH47 & OarHH35) with a mean of 5.58±0.50 across all loci. The alleles were distributed at frequencies between 0.1951 (141 bp allele in OarHH47 locus) and 0.9375 (132 bp allele in OarHH64 locus). The size of alleles ranged from 82 (OarCP49) to 279 bp (HSC). The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.5851±0.04. The results of the chi-square test of goodness of fit revealed that the opulation was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) proportions in 12 microsatellite loci and the remaining 13 loci departed from HWE. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.0625 to 0.9767 with a mean value of 0.6255±0.05, while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1187 to 0.8703 with a mean of 0.6298±0.04. Majority of loci (15 out of 24 loci) showed inbreeding, as reflected by the positive FIS values. The markers used in the study were found to be highly informative and explored high genetic variation in the population, which could be exploited for their improvement.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> </span