4,874 research outputs found
Shuttle on-orbit contamination and environmental effects
Ensuring the compatibility of the space shuttle system with payloads and payload measurements is discussed. An extensive set of quantitative requirements and goals was developed and implemented by the space shuttle program management. The performance of the Shuttle system as measured by these requirements and goals was assessed partly through the use of the induced environment contamination monitor on Shuttle flights 2, 3, and 4. Contamination levels are low and generally within the requirements and goals established. Additional data from near-term payloads and already planned contamination measurements will complete the environment definition and allow for the development of contamination avoidance procedures as necessary for any payload
Isotropic cosmological singularities: other matter models
Isotropic cosmological singularities are singularities which can be removed
by rescaling the metric. In some cases already studied (gr-qc/9903008,
gr-qc/9903009, gr-qc/9903018) existence and uniqueness of cosmological models
with data at the singularity has been established. These were cosmologies with,
as source, either perfect fluids with linear equations of state or massless,
collisionless particles. In this article we consider how to extend these
results to a variety of other matter models. These are scalar fields, massive
collisionless matter, the Yang-Mills plasma of Choquet-Bruhat, or matter
satisfying the Einstein-Boltzmann equation.Comment: LaTeX, 19 pages, no figure
Pressure as a Source of Gravity
The active mass density in Einstein's theory of gravitation in the analog of
Poisson's equation in a local inertial system is proportional to .
Here is the density of energy and its pressure for a perfect fluid.
By using exact solutions of Einstein's field equations in the static case we
study whether the pressure term contributes towards the mass
Magnetic Monopole Dynamics in Spin Ice
One of the most remarkable examples of emergent quasi-particles, is that of
the "fractionalization" of magnetic dipoles in the low energy configurations of
materials known as "spin ice", into free and unconfined magnetic monopoles
interacting via Coulomb's 1/r law [Castelnovo et. al., Nature, 451, 42-45
(2008)]. Recent experiments have shown that a Coulomb gas of magnetic charges
really does exist at low temperature in these materials and this discovery
provides a new perspective on otherwise largely inaccessible phenomenology. In
this paper, after a review of the different spin ice models, we present
detailed results describing the diffusive dynamics of monopole particles
starting both from the dipolar spin ice model and directly from a Coulomb gas
within the grand canonical ensemble. The diffusive quasi-particle dynamics of
real spin ice materials within "quantum tunneling" regime is modeled with
Metropolis dynamics, with the particles constrained to move along an underlying
network of oriented paths, which are classical analogues of the Dirac strings
connecting pairs of Dirac monopoles.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figure
Lagrangian description of the fluid flow with vorticity in the relativistic cosmology
We develop the Lagrangian perturbation theory in the general relativistic
cosmology, which enables us to take into account the vortical effect of the
dust matter. Under the Lagrangian representation of the fluid flow, the
propagation equation for the vorticity as well as the density is exactly
solved. Based on this, the coupling between the density and vorticity is
clarified in a non-perturbative way. The relativistic correspondence to the
Lagrangian perturbation theory in the Newtonian cosmology is also emphasized.Comment: 14 pages (RevTeX); accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Spacetime perspective of Schwarzschild lensing
We propose a definition of an exact lens equation without reference to a
background spacetime, and construct the exact lens equation explicitly in the
case of Schwarzschild spacetime. For the Schwarzschild case, we give exact
expressions for the angular-diameter distance to the sources as well as for the
magnification factor and time of arrival of the images. We compare the exact
lens equation with the standard lens equation, derived under the
thin-lens-weak-field assumption (where the light rays are geodesics of the
background with sharp bending in the lens plane, and the gravitational field is
weak), and verify the fact that the standard weak-field thin-lens equation is
inadequate at small impact parameter. We show that the second-order correction
to the weak-field thin-lens equation is inaccurate as well. Finally, we compare
the exact lens equation with the recently proposed strong-field thin-lens
equation, obtained under the assumption of straight paths but without the small
angle approximation, i.e., with allowed large bending angles. We show that the
strong-field thin-lens equation is remarkably accurate, even for lightrays that
take several turns around the lens before reaching the observer.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
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