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Relationship maintenance strategies in the coach-athlete relationship: The development of the COMPASS model
The investigation of relationship maintenance strategies has received considerable attention in various types of dyads including romantic, marital, and familial relationships. No research, however, has yet investigated the use of maintenance strategies in the coach-athlete partnership. Thus, this study aimed to investigate coaches’ and athletes’ perceptions of the strategies they use to maintain relationship quality. Twelve one-to-one interviews with coaches (4 males and 2 females) and athletes (2 males and 4 females) were conducted. The interviews were structured based on the factors within Jowett’s (2007) 3+1C conceptualization of the coach-athlete relationship (i.e., closeness, commitment, complementarity, and co-orientation). Deductive and inductive content analysis revealed seven main categories: Conflict management, openness, motivation, Positivity, advice, support, and social networks. The COMPASS model was developed based on this analysis and was offered as a theoretical framework for understanding how coaches and athletes might maintain the quality of their relationships
First observations of beam losses due to bound-free pair production in a heavy-ion collider
We report the first observations of beam losses due to bound-free pair
production at the interaction point of a heavy-ion collider. This process is
expected to be a major luminosity limit for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
when it operates with 208Pb82+ ions because the localized energy deposition by
the lost ions may quench superconducting magnet coils. Measurements were
performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during operation with
100 GeV/nucleon 63Cu29+ ions. At RHIC, the rate, energy and magnetic field are
low enough so that magnet quenching is not an issue. The hadronic showers
produced when the single-electron ions struck the RHIC beampipe were observed
using an array of photodiodes. The measurement confirms the order of magnitude
of the theoretical cross section previously calculated by others.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Added journal ref. Corrected typos. Fixed fig 1.
Minor improvements to fig. 1,3,4. Rephrased a small number of sentences
(p1,3,4). Added numerical values of the aperture and the displacement for Au
(p 2). Changed reference 5, added name in acknowledgments (p 4
Facilities for the Energy Frontier of Nuclear Physics
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL has been exploring the energy
frontier of nuclear physics since 2001. Its performance, flexibility and
continued innovative upgrading can sustain its physics output for years to
come. Now, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is about to extend the frontier
energy of laboratory nuclear collisions by more than an order of magnitude. In
the coming years, its physics reach will evolve towards still higher energy,
luminosity and varying collision species, within performance bounds set by
accelerator technology and by nuclear physics itself. Complementary high-energy
facilities will include fixed-target collisions at the CERN SPS, the FAIR
complex at GSI and possible electron-ion colliders based on CEBAF at JLAB, RHIC
at BNL or the LHC at CERN.Comment: Invited talk at the International Nuclear Physics Conference,
Vancouver, Canada, 4-9 July 2010, to be published in Journal of Physics:
Conference Series. http://inpc2010.triumf.ca
Beam losses from ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions between Pb ions in the Large Hadron Collider and their alleviation
Electromagnetic interactions between colliding heavy ions at the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) at CERN will give rise to localized beam losses that may quench
superconducting magnets, apart from contributing significantly to the
luminosity decay. To quantify their impact on the operation of the collider, we
have used a three-step simulation approach, which consists of optical tracking,
a Monte-Carlo shower simulation and a thermal network model of the heat flow
inside a magnet. We present simulation results for the case of Pb ion operation
in the LHC, with focus on the ALICE interaction region, and show that the
expected heat load during nominal Pb operation is 40% above the quench level.
This limits the maximum achievable luminosity. Furthermore, we discuss methods
of monitoring the losses and possible ways to alleviate their effect.Comment: 17 pages, 20 figure
Initial evidence for the criterion-related and structural validity of the long versions of the direct and meta-perspectives of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2010 Taylor & Francis.The aim of the present study was to develop and initially validate a longer version of the direct (Jowett & Ntoumanis, 2004) and meta-perspectives (Jowett, 2009a, 2009b) of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). In Study 1, instruments (e.g. questionnaires, scales, and inventories) that have been used to assess relationship quality in the broader psychological literature were examined and items potentially relevant to the coach-athlete relationship were identified. The content validity of the identified items was then assessed using expert panels. A final questionnaire was subsequently prepared and administered to 693 participants (310 coaches and 383 athletes). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the multidimensional nature of the questionnaire based on the 3Cs (i.e. closeness, commitment, and complementarity) model of the coach-athlete relationship. The findings indicated that the direct and meta-perspective items of the long versions of the CART-Q approached an adequate data fit. Moreover, evidence for the internal consistency and criterion validity of the new instruments was also obtained. In Study 2, the newly developed measure was administered to an independent sample of 251 individuals (145 athletes and 106 coaches). Further statistical support was gained for the factorial validity and reliability of the longer version of the CART-Q
Attachment Styles Within the Coach-Athlete Dyad: Preliminary Investigation and Assessment Development
The present preliminary study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a new sport-specific self-report instrument designed to assess athletes’ and coaches’ attachment styles. The development and initial validation comprised three main phases. In Phase 1, a pool of items was generated based on pre-existing self-report attachment instruments, modified to reflect a coach and an athlete’s style of attachment. In Phase 2, the content validity of the items was assessed by a panel of experts. A final scale was developed and administered to 405 coaches and 298 athletes (N = 703 participants). In Phase 3, confirmatory factor analysis of the obtained data was conducted to determine the final items of the Coach-Athlete Attachment Scale (CAAS). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable goodness of fit indexes for a 3-first order factor model as well as a 2-first order factor model for both the athlete and the coach data, respectively. A secure attachment style positively predicted relationship satisfaction, while an insecure attachment style was a negative predictor of relationship satisfaction. The CAAS revealed initial psychometric properties of content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as reliability
Do Economic Evaluations in Primary Care Prevention and the Management of Hypertension Conform to Good Practice Guidelines? A Systematic Review
Background: Results of previous research have identified the need for further investigation into the compliance with good practice guidelines for current decision-analytic modeling (DAM). Objective: To identify the extent to which recent model-based economic evaluations of interventions focused on lowering the blood pressure (BP) of patients with hypertension conform to published guidelines for DAM in health care using a five-dimension framework developed to assess compliance to DAM guidelines. Methods: A systematic review of English language articles was undertaken to identify published model-based economic evaluations that examined interventions aimed at lowering BP. The review covered the period January 2000 to March 2015 and included the following electronic bibliographic databases: EMBASE and Medline via Ovid interface and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination’s (CRD) NHS-EED. Data were extracted based on different components of good practice across five dimensions utilizing a framework to assess compliance to DAM guidelines. Results: Thirteen articles were included in this review. The review found limited compliance to good practice DAM guidelines, which was most frequently justified by the lack of data. Conclusions: The assessment of structural uncertainty cannot yet be considered common practice in primary prevention and management of hypertension, and researchers seem to face difficulties with identifying sources of structural uncertainty and then handling them correctly. Additional guidelines are needed to aid researchers in identifying and managing sources of potential structural uncertainty. Adherence to guidelines is not always possible and it does pose challenges, in particular when there are limitations due to data availability that restrict, for example, a validation process
Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: Screening versus routine practice in detection cluster randomised controlled trial
Objectives : To assess whether screening improves the detection of atrial fibrillation (cluster randomisation) and to compare systematic and opportunistic screening.
Design : Multicentred cluster randomised controlled trial, with subsidiary trial embedded within the intervention arm.
Setting : 50 primary care centres in England, with further individual randomisation of patients in the intervention practices.
Participants : 14,802 patients aged 65 or over in 25 intervention and 25 control practices.
Interventions : Patients in intervention practices were randomly allocated to systematic screening (invitation for electrocardiography) or opportunistic screening (pulse taking and invitation for electrocardiography if the pulse was irregular). Screening took place over 12 months in each practice from October 2001 to February 2003. No active screening took place in control practices.
Main outcome measure : Newly identified atrial fibrillation.
Results : The detection rate of new cases of atrial fibrillation was 1.63% a year in the intervention practices and 1.04% in control practices (difference 0.59%, 95% confidence interval 0.20% to 0.98%). Systematic and opportunistic screening detected similar numbers of new cases (1.62% v 1.64%, difference 0.02%, −0.5% to 0.5%).
Conclusion : Active screening for atrial fibrillation detects additional cases over current practice. The preferred method of screening in patients aged 65 or over in primary care is opportunistic pulse taking with follow-up
electrocardiography.
Trial registration Current Controlled Trials
ISRCTN19633732
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