53,159 research outputs found
Effects on Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Performance from High-temperature Annealing Pulses in Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid Devices
There is a renewed interest in photovoltaic solar thermal (PVT) hybrid
systems, which harvest solar energy for heat and electricity. Typically, a main
focus of a PVT system is to cool the photovoltaic (PV) cells to improve the
electrical performance, however, this causes the thermal component to
under-perform compared to a solar thermal collector. The low temperature
coefficients of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) allow for the PV cells to be
operated at higher temperatures and are a potential candidate for a more
symbiotic PVT system. The fundamental challenge of a-Si:H PV is light-induced
degradation known as the Staebler-Wronski effect (SWE). Fortunately, SWE is
reversible and the a-Si:H PV efficiency can be returned to its initial state if
the cell is annealed. Thus an opportunity exists to deposit a-Si:H directly on
the solar thermal absorber plate where the cells could reach the high
temperatures required for annealing.
In this study, this opportunity is explored experimentally. First a-Si:H PV
cells were annealed for 1 hour at 100\degreeC on a 12 hour cycle and for the
remaining time the cells were degraded at 50\degreeC in order to simulate
stagnation of a PVT system for 1 hour once a day. It was found that, when
comparing the cells after stabilization at normal 50\degreeC degradation, this
annealing sequence resulted in a 10.6% energy gain when compared to a cell that
was only degraded at 50\degreeC
Spectral determinants and zeta functions of Schr\"odinger operators on metric graphs
A derivation of the spectral determinant of the Schr\"odinger operator on a
metric graph is presented where the local matching conditions at the vertices
are of the general form classified according to the scheme of Kostrykin and
Schrader. To formulate the spectral determinant we first derive the spectral
zeta function of the Schr\"odinger operator using an appropriate secular
equation. The result obtained for the spectral determinant is along the lines
of the recent conjecture.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
A new quantum fluid at high magnetic fields in the marginal charge-density-wave system -(BEDT-TTF)Hg(SCN) (where ~K and Rb)
Single crystals of the organic charge-transfer salts
-(BEDT-TTF)Hg(SCN) have been studied using Hall-potential
measurements (K) and magnetization experiments ( = K, Rb). The data show
that two types of screening currents occur within the high-field,
low-temperature CDW phases of these salts in response to time-dependent
magnetic fields. The first, which gives rise to the induced Hall potential, is
a free current (), present at the surface of the sample.
The time constant for the decay of these currents is much longer than that
expected from the sample resistivity. The second component of the current
appears to be magnetic (), in that it is a microscopic,
quasi-orbital effect; it is evenly distributed within the bulk of the sample
upon saturation. To explain these data, we propose a simple model invoking a
new type of quantum fluid comprising a CDW coexisting with a two-dimensional
Fermi-surface pocket which describes the two types of current. The model and
data are able to account for the body of previous experimental data which had
generated apparently contradictory interpretations in terms of the quantum Hall
effect or superconductivity.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
Reducing driver distraction by utilizing augmented reality head-up display system for rear passengers
A Graphical Language for Proof Strategies
Complex automated proof strategies are often difficult to extract, visualise,
modify, and debug. Traditional tactic languages, often based on stack-based
goal propagation, make it easy to write proofs that obscure the flow of goals
between tactics and are fragile to minor changes in input, proof structure or
changes to tactics themselves. Here, we address this by introducing a graphical
language called PSGraph for writing proof strategies. Strategies are
constructed visually by "wiring together" collections of tactics and evaluated
by propagating goal nodes through the diagram via graph rewriting. Tactic nodes
can have many output wires, and use a filtering procedure based on goal-types
(predicates describing the features of a goal) to decide where best to send
newly-generated sub-goals.
In addition to making the flow of goal information explicit, the graphical
language can fulfil the role of many tacticals using visual idioms like
branching, merging, and feedback loops. We argue that this language enables
development of more robust proof strategies and provide several examples, along
with a prototype implementation in Isabelle
Validation of a model of regulation in the tryptophan operon against multiple experiment data using global optimisation
This paper is concerned with validating a mathematical model of regulation in the tryptophan operon using global optimization. Although a number of models for this biochemical network are proposed, in many cases only qualitative agreement between the model output and experimental data was demonstrated, since very little information is currently available to guide the selection of parameter values for the models. This paper presents a model validating method using both multiple experimental data and global optimization
Non-linear effect of uniaxial pressure on superconductivity in CeCoIn5
We study single-crystal CeCoIn5 with uniaxial pressure up to 3.97 kbar
applied along the c-axis. We find a non-linear dependence of the
superconducting transition temperature Tc on pressure, with a maximum close to
2 kbar. The transition also broadens significantly as pressure increases. We
discuss the temperature dependence in terms of the general trend that Tc
decreases in anisotropic heavy-fermion compounds as they move towards
three-dimensional behavior.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Features: Interpretation as X-ray Emission From A Photoionized Plasma
Numerous reports have been made of features, either in emission or
absorption, in the 10 - 1000 keV spectra of some gamma-ray bursts. Originally
interpreted in the context of Galactic neutron star models as cyclotron line
emission and annihilation features, the recent demonstration that
the majority of GRBs lie at cosmological distances make these explanations
unlikely. In this letter, we adopt a relativistic fireball model for
cosmological GRBs in which dense, metal rich blobs or filaments of plasma are
entrained in the relativistic outflow. In the context of this model, we
investigate the conditions under which broadband features, similar to those
detected, can be observed. We find a limited region of parameter space capable
of reproducing the observed GRB spectra. Finally, we discuss possible
constraints further high-energy spectral observations could place on fireball
model parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters Four pages,
2 figure
Synthesis of polyethers of hexafluorobenzene and hexafluoropentanediol
Two new polyethers, poly /hexafluoropentamethylene tetrafluoro-p-phenylene ether/ and a completely hydroxyl-terminated polyether, is prepared by reactions of hexafluorobenzene with hexafluoropentanediol. The polyethers can be prepared as low molecular weight oils, as intermediate molecular weight waxes, or as high molecular weight elastomers
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