146 research outputs found
How Stress Can Reduce Dissipation in Glasses
We propose that stress can decrease the internal friction of amorphous
solids, either by increasing the potential barriers of defects, thus reducing
their tunneling and thermal activation that produce loss, or by decreasing the
coupling between defects and phonons. This stress can be from impurities,
atomic bonding constraints, or externally applied stress. Externally applied
stress also reduces mechanical loss through dissipation dilution. Our results
are consistent with the experiments, and predict that stress could
substantially reduce dielectric loss and increase the thermal conductivity.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Mechanically probing coherent tunnelling in a double quantum dot
We study theoretically the interaction between the charge dynamics of a
few-electron double quantum dot and a capacitively-coupled AFM cantilever, a
setup realized in several recent experiments. We demonstrate that the
dot-induced frequency shift and damping of the cantilever can be used as a
sensitive probe of coherent inter-dot tunnelling, and that these effects can be
used to quantitatively extract both the magnitude of the coherent interdot
tunneling and (in some cases) the value of the double-dot T_1 time. We also
show how the adiabatic modulation of the double-dot eigenstates by the
cantilever motion leads to new effects compared to the single-dot case.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Dynamics of a Pair of Interacting Spins Coupled to an Environmental Sea
We solve for the dynamics of a pair of spins, coupled to each other and also
to an environmental sea of oscillators. The environment mediates an indirect
interaction between the spins, causing both mutual coherence effects and
dissipation. This model describes a wide variety of physical systems, ranging
from 2 coupled microscopic systems (eg., magnetic impurities, bromophores,
etc), to 2 coupled macroscopic quantum systems. We obtain analytic results for
3 regimes, viz., (i) The locked regime, where the 2 spins lock together; (ii)
The correlated relaxation regime (mutually correlated incoherent relaxation);
and (iii) The mutual coherence regime, with correlated damped oscillations.
These results cover most of the parameter space of the system.Comment: 49 pages, To appear in Int J. Mod. Phys.
Dynamic sound attenuation at hypersonic frequencies in silica glass
In order to clarify the origin of the dominant processes responsible for the
acoustic attenuation of phonons, which is a much debatted topic, we present
Bril louin scattering experiments in various silica glasses of different OH
impurities content. A large temperature range, from 5 to 1500 K is
investigated, up to the glass transition temperature. Comparison of the
hypersonic wave attenuation in various samples allows to identify two different
processes. The first one induce s a low temperature peak related to
relaxational processes; it is strongly sensitive to the extrinsic defects. The
second, dominant in the hig h temperature range, is weakly dependent on the
impurities and can be ascribed to anharmonic interactions
A Solvable Model of a Glass
An analytically tractable model is introduced which exhibits both, a
glass--like freezing transition, and a collection of double--well
configurations in its zero--temperature potential energy landscape. The latter
are generally believed to be responsible for the anomalous low--temperature
properties of glass-like and amorphous systems via a tunneling mechanism that
allows particles to move back and forth between adjacent potential energy
minima. Using mean--field and replica methods, we are able to compute the
distribution of asymmetries and barrier--heights of the double--well
configurations {\em analytically}, and thereby check various assumptions of the
standard tunneling model. We find, in particular, strong correlations between
asymmetries and barrier--heights as well as a collection of single--well
configurations in the potential energy landscape of the glass--forming system
--- in contrast to the assumptions of the standard model. Nevertheless, the
specific heat scales linearly with temperature over a wide range of low
temperatures.Comment: 11 pages, latex, including 5 figures, talk presented at the XIV
Sitges Conferenc
Nonlinear acoustic and microwave absorption in glasses
A theory of weakly-nonlinear low-temperature relaxational absorption of
acoustic and electromagnetic waves in dielectric and metallic glasses is
developed. Basing upon the model of two-level tunneling systems we show that
the nonlinear contribution to the absorption can be anomalously large. This is
the case at low enough frequencies, where freqeuency times the minimal
relaxation time for the two-level system are much less than one. In dielectric
glasses, the lowest-order nonlinear contribution is proportional to the wave's
intensity. It is negative and exhibits anomalous frequency and temperature
dependencies. In metallic glasses, the nonlinear contribution is also negative,
and it is proportional to the square root of the wave's intensity and to the
frequency. Numerical estimates show that the predicted nonlinear contribution
can be measured experimentally
Effect of nuclear quadrupole interactions on the dynamics of two-level systems in glasses
The standard tunneling model describes quite satisfactorily the thermal
properties of amorphous solids at temperatures in terms of an ensemble
of two-level systems possessing logarithmically uniform distribution over their
tunneling amplitudes and uniform distribution over their asymmetry energies. In
particular, this distribution explains the observable logarithmic temperature
dependence of the dielectric constant. Yet, experiments have shown that at
ultralow temperatures such a temperature behavior breaks down and the
dielectric constant becomes temperature independent (plateau effect). In this
letter we suggest an explanation of this behavior exploiting the effect of the
nuclear quadrupole interaction on tunneling. We show that below a temperature
corresponding to the characteristic energy of the nuclear quadrupole
interaction the effective tunneling amplitude is reduced by a small overlap
factor of the nuclear quadrupole ground states in the left and right potential
wells of the tunneling system. It is just this reduction that explains the
plateau effect . We predict that the application of a sufficiently large
magnetic field should restore the logarithmic dependence because of the
suppression of the nuclear quadrupole interaction.Comment: To appear in the Physical Review Letter
The role of localization in glasses and supercooled liquids
This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/104/13/10.1063/1.471147.Localized excitations (tunneling modes, soft harmonic vibrations) are believed to play a dominant role in the thermodynamics and transport properties of glasses at low temperature. Using instantaneous normal‐mode (INM) analysis, we explore the role that such localization plays in determining the behavior of such systems in the vicinity of the glass transition. Building on our previous study [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 936 (1995)] we present evidence that the glass transition in two simple model systems is associated with a transition temperature below which all un‐ stable INM’s become localized. This localization transition is a possible mechanism for the change in diffusion mechanism from continuous flow to localized hopping that is believed to occur in fragile glass formers at a temperature just above T g
On the theory of resonant susceptibility of dielectric glasses in magnetic field
The anomalous magnetic field dependence of dielectric properties of
insulating glasses in the temperature interval is considered. In
this temperature range, the dielectric permittivity is defined by the resonant
contribution of tunneling systems. The external magnetic field regulates
nuclear spins of tunneling atoms. This regulation suppresses a nuclear
quadrupole interaction of these spins with lattice and, thus, affects the
dielectric response of tunneling systems. It is demonstrated that in the
absence of an external magnetic field the nuclear quadrupole interaction
results in the correction to the permittivity in the
temperature range of interest. An application of a magnetic field results in a
sharp increase of this correction approximately by a factor of two when the
Zeeman splitting approaches the order of . Further increase of the
magnetic field results in a relatively smooth decrease in the correction until
the Zeeman splitting approaches the temperature. This smooth dependence results
from tunneling accompanied by a change of the nuclear spin projection. As the
magnetic field surpasses the temperature, the correction vanishes. The results
obtained in this paper are compared with experiment. A new mechanism of the low
temperature nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in glasses is considered.Comment: 9 Pages, 5 Figures, To be submitted to the Physical Review B, please
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