A Novel Architecture for Data Management and Control in Autonomous Intelligent Microgrid

AbstractIntelligent microgrid with distributed energy sources is considered as the next generation grid to mitigate the present day power system issues. Intelligent microgrid should facilitate monitoring and distributed control of the system using smart components. For effective, reliable and intelligent operation of such a system, it needs to use the advanced communication and intelligent information processing techniques. This paper explores the possibility of managing an autonomous intelligent microgrid with prioritized loads, utilizing the existing communication networks to acquire data and manage from a central location. The central control center runs an energy management algorithm, utilizing the load and source data acquired from the clients, to maximize the power delivery to the higher priority loads. The proposed scheme enables the consumers to dynamically set their load priority and fix the rate for selling the power generated by them within the autonomous grid, thereby ensuring consumer participation in the development of power infrastructure. Further, a load management algorithm for the reliable operation of autonomous intelligent microgrid with prioritized loads is proposed and its effectiveness is illustrated with a case study

RETROGRADE INTRAMEDULLARY SUPRACONDYLAR NAILING AND DISTAL FEMORAL LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DISTAL FEMUR FRACTURES – A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of retrograde intramedullary interlocking supracondylar nailing and distal femoral locking compression plate in the management of distal femur fractures. Methods: The present prospective study consists of a total of 36 cases with extra-articular supracondylar fractures of the femur between the age group of 21–70 years. Participants were randomly allocated to group 1 treated with distal femoral locking compression plate fixation and group 2 treated with retrograde intramedullary interlocking supracondylar nailing technique. Post-operatively, all the cases were followed up in regular intervals to assess the functional outcome using the American Knee Society score. Results: Road traffic accidents (80.56%) were the most common cause of injury. The average surgical duration (108 min and 90.14 min), duration of fracture union (12.48 weeks and 11.08 weeks), and blood loss (339.8 ml and 236.6 ml) was better in the nailing group than the plating group, respectively. The overall outcome was comparable between the two study groups. Conclusion: The supracondylar nailing technique has better functional outcomes in terms of less fracture union time, less operative duration, and minimal operative blood loss. Supracondylar nailing technique was effective and better in soft tissue damage control

Channel estimation relying on the minimum bit-error-ratio criterion for BPSK and QPSK signals

The authors consider the channel estimation problem in the context of a linear equaliser designed for a frequency selective channel, which relies on the minimum bit-error-ratio (MBER) optimisation framework. Previous literature has shown that the MBER-based signal detection may outperform its minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) counterpart in the bit-error-ratio performance sense. In this study, they develop a framework for channel estimation by first discretising the parameter space and then posing it as a detection problem. Explicitly, the MBER cost function (CF) is derived and its performance studied, when transmitting BPSK and QPSK signals. It is demonstrated that the MBER based CF aided scheme is capable of outperforming existing MMSE, least square-based solutions

Performance Assessment of Pre-processing Filters for Infrared Search and Track Applications

To enhance detection probability and to reduce false alarms, infrared imagery is pre-processed before subjecting it to detection algorithms in infrared search and track systems. Pre-processing algorithms are used to predict the complex background and then to subtract the predicted background from the original image. The difference image is passed to the detection algorithm to further distinguish between the target and the background and/ or noise more accurately. A number of pre-processing algorithms have been reported in literature, with their relative advantages and disadvantages. This paper brings out the computational complexities and simulation results of various algorithms for assessing their relative performances. Based on these parameters, statistical algorithms in general and max-min algorithms in particular, are recommended to be used for infrared search and track systems.Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(3), pp.251-256, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.6

Removal of hexavalent chromium using chitosan prepared from shrimp shells

Contamination of the aqueous environment by heavy metals and due to the discharge of metal containing effluents into the water bodies is one of the environmental issues of the century. Thus, in this work, the main concern has been the preparation of chitin and chitosan from the raw materials of shrimp shells and the characterization of the prepared chitosan by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The work was then shifted to investigate the potentiality of Cr+6 adsorption with the prepared chitosan. The controlled parameters of adsorption process were studied. The percentage of Cr+6 removal using the shrimp chitosan was 64.29%.Keywords: Shrimp shells, chitosan, adsorption, chiti

Effectiveness of C6T and W5H in Lean documentation

In the Evaluation of software development, Lean is oldest organizational methodology. To improve the performance Lean is having various versions. Documentation plays key role in estimating the performance of project. It is also having features like reorganization of development system. This paper focuses on drawbacks of documentation regarding lean methodology. Documentation will give clear vision and goals of product. To enhance the features of documentation C6T and W5H principles are applied

EMULSOMES: AN EMERGING VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

The oral route is the easiest, cost effective, and most vital method for drug administration. Therefore, improvement of dosage forms, mainly for the prolonged release purpose has been a challenge for scientists. Vesicular drug delivery systems are developed with a purpose to overcome problems coupled with the drugs such a poor bioavailability, protection from harsh gastric environment, and from gastric enzymes, which degrade the drug. Vesicular drug delivery systems such as liposomes, emulsions, niosomes, proniosomes, solid lipid-nano particles, ethosomes, nanoparticles, and pharmacosomes, etc have gained much attention, but emulsomes have rouse as system, which bypasses many disadvantages associated with other systems, developed as novel lipoidal vesicular system with internal solid fat core surrounded by phospholipid bilayer. This technology is designed to act as vehicle for poorly soluble drugs. The drug is enclosed in the emulsomes and provide prolong existence of drug in systemic circulation. Furthermore, emulsomal-based formulations of genetic drugs such as antisense oligonucleotides and plasmids for gene therapy that have clear potential for systemic utility are increasingly available. This review addresses the concept of emulsomal drug delivery system, summarizes the success of emulsomes for the delivery of small molecules, and special attention has been paid to its formulation design, advantages, biopharmaceutical aspects, stability aspects, and various aspects related to drug delivery including future aspects. Keywords: Controlled oral drug delivery, emulsomes, oral bioavailability, vesicular drug deliver

Assessment of Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes of Undergraduate Students at Malla Reddy University: A Study on Environmental Ethics

Educating University students at the initial levels can improve their knowledge of environmental issues. A relevant study was conducted at the School of Allied Healthcare Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India, based on a cross-sectional design. A self-administered questionnaire focused on the socio-demographics, knowledge, and attitudes of 380 students toward environmental ethics was used to collect the data and analyzed by SPSS. The findings include about 50% (N=200) of the students were found to have low knowledge scores; on the other hand, 49.2% (N = 187) of students showed a pro attitude towards environmental issues. Chi2 analysis showed that place of birth and courses undergoing (clinical/nonclinical) resulted in a notable relationship with knowledge scores. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the place of birth (POB) (r=0.143; p=0.05) and clinical/nonclinical courses (r=0.206; p=0.05) had weak relation to knowledge score; a negative, weak correlation was found between attitude score and education levels (r= -0.105; p=0.01) of the students. The present study showed that University students had a moderate level of knowledge of the environment, and about 20% showed a negative attitude toward environmental practices. The present study suggests the need to include environmental awareness programs in corresponding curricula to improve awareness of the environment