Vitex trifolia L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19393/thumbnail.jp

Vitex trifolia L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19393/thumbnail.jp

The Vascular Flora of Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River

As a result of comprehensive field work performed during 1975 and 1976 followed by herbarium activities, a complete picture of the composition of the vascular flora of Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River has been obtained. The area includes a 47.5 km (23.3 mile) section of the Mississippi River between Dresbach, Minnesota and Genoa, Wisconsin. A total of 482 species in 88 families were collected. The Gramineae was the largest family with 33 genera and 63 species, while Carex (Cyperaceae) was the largest genus with 26 species. The flora comprises communities here defined as alluvial forest, willow forest, shrub, sedge meadow, Phalaris meadow, emergent, floating-leaved, submergent, spit and shore, levee, old field, and dredge spoil

Communications Biophysics

Contains reports on five research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 GM14940-03)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGL 22-009-304

Direction-dependent excitatory and inhibitory ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) produced by oppositely directed accelerations along the midsagittal axis of the head

Oppositely directed displacements of the head need oppositely directed vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR), i.e. compensatory responses. Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) mainly reflect the synchronous extraocular muscle activity involved in the process of generating the VOR. The oVEMPs recorded beneath the eyes when looking up represent electro-myographic responses mainly of the inferior oblique muscle. We aimed: (1) to study the properties of these responses as they were produced by head acceleration impulses to the forehead and to the back of the head; (2) to investigate the relationships between these responses and the 3-D linear head accelerations that might reflect the true stimulus that acts on the vestibular hair cells. We produced backward- and forward-directed acceleration stimuli in four conditions (positive and negative head acceleration impulses to the hairline and to the inion) in 16 normal subjects. The oVEMPs produced by backward- and forward-directed accelerations of the head showed consistent differences. They were opposite in the phase. The responses produced by backward accelerations of the head began with an initial negativity, n11; conversely, those produced by accelerations directed forward showed initially a positive response, p11. There was a high inter-subject correlation of head accelerations along the head anteroposterior and transverse axes, but almost no correlation of accelerations along the vertical axis of the head. We concluded that backward-directed head accelerations produced an initial excitatory response, and forward-directed accelerations of the head were accompanied by an initial inhibitory response. These responses showed dependence on acceleration direction in the horizontal plane of the head. This could be consistent with activation of the utricle

Variability of black carbon mass concentrations, sub-micrometer particle number concentrations and size distributions: results of the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network ranging from city street to High Alpine locations

This work reports the first statistical analysis of multi-annual data on tropospheric aerosols from the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN). Compared to other networks worldwide, GUAN with 17 measurement locations has the most sites equipped with particle number size distribution (PNSD) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) instruments and the most site categories in Germany ranging from city street/roadside to High Alpine. As we know, the variations of eBC and particle number concentration (PNC) are influenced by several factors such as source, transformation, transport and deposition. The dominant controlling factor for different pollutant parameters might be varied, leading to the different spatio-temporal variations among the measured parameters. Currently, a study of spatio-temporal variations of PNSD and eBC considering the influences of both site categories and spatial scale is still missing. Based on the multi-site dataset of GUAN, the goal of this study is to investigate how pollutant parameters may interfere with spatial characteristics and site categories

Feel it in my bones: Composing multimodal experience through tissue conduction

We outline here the feasibility of coherently utilising tissue conduction for spatial audio and tactile input. Tissue conduction display-specific compositional concerns are discussed; it is hypothesised that the qualia available through this medium substantively differ from those for conventional artificial means of appealing to auditory spatial perception. The implications include that spatial music experienced in this manner constitutes a new kind of experience, and that the ground rules of composition are yet to be established. We refer to results from listening experiences with one hundred listeners in an unstructured attribute elicitation exercise, where prominent themes such as “strange”, “weird”, “positive”, “spatial” and “vibrations” emerged. We speculate on future directions aimed at taking maximal advantage of the principle of multimodal perception to broaden the informational bandwidth of the display system. Some implications for composition for hearing-impaired are elucidated.n/

Fitting model of ABR age dependency in a clinical population of normal hearing children

The purpose of this study was to present a simple and powerful fitting model that describes age-dependent changes of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in a clinical population of normal hearing children. A total of 175 children (younger than 200 weeks postconceptional age) were referred for audiologic assessment with normal ABR results. ABR parameters of normal hearing children between 2003 and 2008 were included. The results of the right ears recorded at 90 dB nHL were analyzed. A simple and accurate fitting model was formulated based on these data. A very similar age-dependent effect was found for peaks III and V, and I–III and I–V intervals; latencies decrease as postconceptional age increases. It shows that the total age-dependent effect will be completed after 1.5–2 years. The age-dependent effect can be modeled by a relatively simple and accurate exponential function. This fitting model can be easily implemented to analyze ABR results of infants in daily clinical practice. We speculate about the underlying physiological processes