Metal Rich Plasma at the Center Portion of the Cygnus Loop

We observed the center portion of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant with the ASCA observatory. The X-ray spectrum of the center portion was significantly different from that obtained at the North-East (NE) limb. The emission lines from Si and S were quite strong while those of O and the continuum emission were similar to those obtained at the NE limb. Based on the spectral analysis, Si and S emission lines originated from a high-kTe and low ionization plasma whereas O and most of the continuum emission arose from a low-kTe and high ionization plasma. We suppose that Si and S emitting gas are present at the interior of the Loop while O lines and continuum emission mainly arise from the shell region. Therefore, we subtracted the spectrum of the NE limb from that of the center. Obtained abundances of Si, S, and Fe were 4 $\pm$ 1, 6 $\pm$ 2, and ${1.3}^{+0.6}_{-0.3}$ times higher than those of the cosmic abundances, respectively, and are $\sim$40 times richer than those obtained at the NE limb. These facts strongly support that some of the crude ejecta must be left at the center portion of the Cygnus Loop. The low abundance of Fe relative to Si and S suggests a type II SN with a massive progenitor star as the origin of the Cygnus Loop.Comment: Accepted for Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 40 pages, 12 Postscript figures, uses PASJ95.sty, PASJadd.sty, and psbox.st

Pengendalian Kas pada PT. Exsol Innovindo

Based on research results of the internal control system of cash at PT. Exsol Innovindo adequate. this is supported by the elements; organization, authorization, healthy practices and placement of employees.so the authors put forward the hypothesis that the organization, authorization, healthy practices, and placement of employees in PT. Exsol Innovindo are in accordance with the standard operating procedures of internal control and cash are accepte

COST PASS-THROUGH IN THE U.S. COFFEE INDUSTRY

A rich data set of coffee prices and costs was used to determine to what extent changes in commodity costs affect manufacturer and retail prices. On average, a 10-cent increase in the cost of a pound of green coffee beans in a given quarter results in a 2-cent increase in manufacturer and retail prices in that quarter. If a cost change persists for several quarters, it will be incorporated into manufacturer prices approximately cent-forcent with the commodity-cost change. Given the substantial fixed costs and markups involved in coffee manufacturing, this translates into about a 3-percent change in retail prices for a 10-percent change in commodity prices. We do not find robust evidence that coffee prices respond more to increases than to decreases in costs.cost pass-through, retail prices, manufacturer prices, commodity costs, coffee, Demand and Price Analysis,

Towards conformationally-locked difluorosugar analogues : an unexpected sense of dihydroxylation

Difluorinated cyclooctenones, synthesised using RCM, can be used as templates for stereoselective oxidative transformations to products that undergo transannular reactions to afford conformationally-locked analogues of 2-deoxy-2,2-difluorosugars with different stereochemical relationships between the C-2 and C-3 hydroxyl groups

Uji Potensi Aktivitas Anti Kanker Ekstrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb.) Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (Bslt)

Has been done research to know anticancerpotencial activity from fragrant screw pine leaf extractapplies method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test ( BSLT).Extract is made by the way of macerate to apply threekinds of solvent, that is butanol, ethyl acetate, and etherpetroleum. Toxicity test is done by using prawn larvaArtemia salina Leach which age 48 hours. Toxic effecteach extract is identified with presentase death of prawnlarva applies probit analysis (LC50). Active extract thenis tested its the phytochemistry content and compoundbioa1(fi! suggested applies GC-MS. Result of his (itsshowing ethyl acetate extract to have the character oftoxic ( LC50 : 288,4 ppm). The toxic compounds whichpredietion.implied in ethyl acetate extract is terpenoidsand steroid

Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb.) Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui toksisitas dari ekstrak daun pandan wangimenggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstrak dibuat dengan cara maserasimenggunakan tiga macam pelarut, yaitu butanol, etil asetat, dan petroleum eter. Uji toksisitasdilakukan dengan menggunakan larva udang Artemia salina Leach yang berumur 48 jam. Efektoksik masing-masing ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan presentase kematian larva udangmenggunakan analisis probit (LC50). Ekstrak aktif kemudian diuji kandungan fitokimianya dansenyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Hasilnyamenunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat bersifat toksik (LC50 : 288,4 ppm). Senyawa yang terkandungdalam ekstrak etil asetat adalah senyawa terpenoid dan steroid

Pengetahuan Bidan Mengenai Hak-Hak Wanita Hamil

. Pregnant women's rights is the right of any individual or pregnant women to receive or obtain the best health service standards. Midwives in providing midwifery care during pregnancy can pay attention to the rights of pregnant women so that care provided according to the needs and are comprehensive, feel appreciated, and the mother during pregnancy get comfortable service. The purpose of this study is to describe the midwife knowledge about the rights of pregnant women. This is a descriptive study design. The population in this study were all midwives in health centers Region Pekalongan. The sampling technique using cluster sampling rondom gained 5 health centers (20%) of the 27 health centers as many as 84 midwives who meet the criteria for inclusion in the Regional Health Center Pekalongan. The results were obtained more than half (61.9%) midwives knowledgeable enough, a small portion (25%) less knowledgeable midwife. However, there are 85.71% of respondents are still one answered at points pregnant women are entitled to information about his condition. Suggestion for the midwife is expected to seek information to gain knowledge about the rights of pregnant women so as to provide care in accordance with the standards of health care

Penerapan Diskusi Kelompok dalam Pembelajaran Pkn untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Kelas IV Sds Fajar Harapan

The application of group discussion in the learning of Civic Education to improve study activity of the Fourth Grade students at Private Elementary School of Fajar Harapan. The research is aimed to improve the study activity on learning Civic Education subject by applying group discussion in the Fourth Grade class at Private Elementary School of Fajar Harapan. The general problem emerges in this research is whether the application of group discussion in the learning of Civic Education subject can improve the study activity of students in the Fourth Grade at Private Elementary School of Fajar Harapan?. The method used in this research is descriptive method, and the kind of research is Class Action The Research of Class Action. The result of research is the physical activity rises from 76% at 1st cyclus to 93 % at 2nd cyclus, menthal activity increases from 70 at 1st cyclus % to 96% at 2nd cyclus, emotional activity also rises from 61% at 1st cyclus to 92% at 2nd cyclus for Civic Education subject by applying group discussion system. It means that the application method is well-done and succesful in which the students experience improvement in terms of physical activity, menthal activity as well as emotional activity