286 research outputs found
Cyclotron resonant scattering feature simulations. I. Thermally averaged cyclotron scattering cross sections, mean free photon-path tables, and electron momentum sampling
Electron cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs) are observed as
absorption-like lines in the spectra of X-ray pulsars. A significant fraction
of the computing time for Monte Carlo simulations of these quantum mechanical
features is spent on the calculation of the mean free path for each individual
photon before scattering, since it involves a complex numerical integration
over the scattering cross section and the (thermal) velocity distribution of
the scattering electrons.
We aim to numerically calculate interpolation tables which can be used in
CRSF simulations to sample the mean free path of the scattering photon and the
momentum of the scattering electron. The tables also contain all the
information required for sampling the scattering electron's final spin.
The tables were calculated using an adaptive Simpson integration scheme. The
energy and angle grids were refined until a prescribed accuracy is reached. The
tables are used by our simulation code to produce artificial CRSF spectra. The
electron momenta sampled during these simulations were analyzed and justified
using theoretically determined boundaries.
We present a complete set of tables suited for mean free path calculations of
Monte Carlo simulations of the cyclotron scattering process for conditions
expected in typical X-ray pulsar accretion columns (0.01<B/B_{crit}<=0.12,
where B_{crit}=4.413x10^{13} G and 3keV<=kT<15keV). The sampling of the tables
is chosen such that the results have an estimated relative error of at most
1/15 for all points in the grid. The tables are available online at
http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/research/cyclo.Comment: A&A, in pres
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ¦Π Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
Objectives. The objectives of this work are the development of a multi-primer system based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) aimed at the simultaneous detection of six bacterial pathogens that cause human pneumonia and the determination of the parameters important for the optimization of this multi-primer system, including solid-phase PCR systems (biological microarrays).Methods. To determine the optimal parameters of the system, PCR methods were used in monoplex and multiplex formats.Results. Primers for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenza, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae detection were designed, and the PCR cycling conditions were optimized. The patterns of primer design for solidphase PCR were revealed.Conclusions. The developed prototype of a system specifically identifies six clinically significant bacterial pathogens. It could be expanded for the analysis of viral and fungal pathogens and used in clinical diagnostics. A prototype of a system for pathogenic agent detection in the immobilized phase (biological microarray) was created.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ¦Π ), Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°; Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ¦Π Π² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ (Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅).ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ¦Π Π² Ρ.Π½. Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ» ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ¦Π Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenza, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae ΠΈ Streptococcus pneumoniae. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ¦Π Π² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ¦Π Π² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅
ABOUT DIAGNOSTICS OF THE PATIENT WITH SUSPICION TO SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS) IN CHITA CITY
A complex of diagnostic measures for detection of a suspected SARS patient is analyzed. Clinical course ofΒ the disease in dynamics especially at the early stages allowed to suspect SARS in a worker arrived from China. The diagnosis was cancelled on the basis of the clinical data and laboratory negative results. However,Β this case allowed to practically perfect tactics of interactions between different services during realization ofΒ anti-epidemic measures in a case of SARS suspicion including notification, hospital basis development andΒ PCR-diagnostics adoption
Emulation of a Target Trial From Observational Data to Compare Effectiveness of Casirivimab/Imdevimab and Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab for Early Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
OBJECTIVES:
Comparative analysis between different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. We present an emulation trial from observational data to compare effectiveness of Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (BAM/ETE) and Casirivimab/Imdevimab (CAS/IMD) in outpatients with early mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in a real-world scenario of variants of concern (VoCs) from Alpha to Delta.
METHODS:
Allocation to treatment was subject to mAbs availability, and the measured factors were not used to determine which combination to use. Patients were followed through day 30. Viral load was measured by cycle threshold (CT) on D1 (baseline) and D7.
Primary outcome was time to COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause over days 0-30. Weighted pooled logistic regression and marginal structural Cox model by inverse probability weights were used to compare BAM/ETE vs. CAS/IMD. ANCOVA was used to compare mean D7 CT values by intervention. Models were adjusted for calendar month, MASS score and VoCs. We evaluated effect measure modification by VoCs, vaccination, D1 CT levels and enrolment period.
RESULTS:
COVID19-related hospitalization or death from any cause occurred in 15 of 237 patients in the BAM/ETE group (6.3%) and in 4 of 196 patients in the CAS/IMD group (2.0%) (relative risk reduction [1 minus the relative risk] 72%; p=0.024). Subset analysis carried no evidence that the effect of the intervention was different across stratification factors. There was no evidence in viral load reduction from baseline through day 7 across the two groups (+0.17, 95% -1.41;+1.74, p=0.83). Among patients who experienced primary outcome, none showed a negative RT-PCR test in nasopharyngeal swab (p=0.009) and 82.4% showed still high viral load (p<0.001) on D7.
CONCLUSIONS:
In a pre-Omicron epidemiologic scenario, CAS/IMD reduced risk of clinical progression of COVID-19 compared to BAM/ETE. This effect was not associated with a concomitant difference in virological response
Anti-Allergic Cromones Inhibit Histamine and Eicosanoid Release from Activated Human and Murine Mast Cells by Releasing Annexin A1
PMCID: PMC3601088This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Sanitary protection of the territory of Russian Federation. Report 2. The differentiation of the territory of a region of Russian Federation for risk of diseases dangerous for people
The risk of emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare associated with diseases dangerous for population varies for different municipalities of a region of Russian Federation. Therefore a differentiation of a region for three types of territories (A, B, C) is necessary. Adequate number of sanitary protection measures is determined for each type of territories. The purpose of this study was the development of methodical reception for differentiation of a region of Russian Federation. Point scoping of criteria of external and. internal epidemiological risks for each of municipality is proposed as this method. Criteria of external epidemiological risk allow to take into account the probability of the importation of infectious diseases, requiring measures for sanitary protection of the territory. Criteria of internal epidemiological risk reflect both actual and. potential dangers: morbidity, the registration of particular nosologic forms of diseases in animals and. detection of pathogens in the living and. non-living environment objects. Assessment of internal risk is carried out in the analysis of information about epizootic and. epidemiological situation of infectious diseases, the list of which is proposed, with, consideration of their epidemiological significance and. can be used for any Russian Federation region. According to the results of total assessment of risks for each of municipalities the complex index of epidemiological risk (CIER) is determined. On the basis of CIER the territory type (A, B, C) is determined. Type A, B or C defines for the municipality the volume of measures for sanitary protection of the territory on the basis of a sufficient level for preparedness of forces and means of public health institutions. The method, based, on the assessment of external and. internal epidemiological risks, that allows to differentiate the region of Russian Federation, at municipal level for risk of diseases dangerous for people, is proposed, as the result of this work. A new methodical approach, will contribute to the increase of the preparedness of public health, institutions to emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare associated, with, diseases dangerous for people
In vivo molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in patients with advanced multiple myeloma
CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that mediates recruitment of blood cells toward its ligand SDF-1. In cancer, high CXCR4 expression is frequently associated with tumor dissemination and poor prognosis. We evaluated the novel CXCR4 probe [(68)Ga]Pentixafor for in vivo mapping of CXCR4 expression density in mice xenografted with human CXCR4-positive MM cell lines and patients with advanced MM by means of positron emission tomography (PET). [(68)Ga]Pentixafor PET provided images with excellent specificity and contrast. In 10 of 14 patients with advanced MM [(68)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT scans revealed MM manifestations, whereas only nine of 14 standard [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans were rated visually positive. Assessment of blood counts and standard CD34(+) flow cytometry did not reveal significant blood count changes associated with tracer application. Based on these highly encouraging data on clinical PET imaging of CXCR4 expression in a cohort of MM patients, we conclude that [(68)Ga]Pentixafor PET opens a broad field for clinical investigations on CXCR4 expression and for CXCR4-directed therapeutic approaches in MM and other diseases
Topological spin memory of antiferromagnetically coupled skyrmion pairs in Co/Gd/Pt multilayers
Antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled skyrmions offer potential advantages for spintronic devices, including reduced dipolar fields that may enable smaller skyrmion sizes and a reduction of the skyrmion Hall effect. However, the topological stability of AFM-coupled skyrmions subjected to dramatic spin deformation through low-temperature cycling has not been investigated. Here we report the discovery of a topological spin memory effect for AFM-coupled skyrmion pairs in [Co/Gd/Pt]10 multilayered films. Photoemission electron microscopy imaging shows that bubble skyrmions in the multilayer that are stable at room temperature evolve into complex in-plane spin textures as the temperature is lowered and reform completely when the sample is warmed back up. Simulations demonstrate that Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions play a key role in this spin memory effect, and furthermore reveal that the topological charge is preserved throughout the dramatic spin texture rearrangement and recovery. These results highlight a key aspect of topological protectionβthe preservation of the topological properties under continuous deformationβand also provide a promising avenue for information encryption and recovery
X-ray emission from magnetized neutron star atmospheres at low mass accretion rates. I. Phase-averaged spectrum
Recent observations of X-ray pulsars at low luminosities allow, for the first
time, to compare theoretical models for the emission from highly magnetized
neutron star atmospheres at low mass accretion rates ( g s) with the broadband X-ray data. The purpose of this paper
is to investigate the spectral formation in the neutron star atmosphere at low
and to conduct a parameter study of physical properties of the
emitting region. We obtain the structure of the static atmosphere, assuming
that Coulomb collisions are the dominant deceleration process. The upper part
of the atmosphere is strongly heated by the braking plasma, reaching
temperatures of 30-40 keV, while its denser isothermal interior is much cooler
(~2 keV). We numerically solve the polarized radiative transfer in the
atmosphere with magnetic Compton scattering, free-free processes, and
non-thermal cyclotron emission due to possible collisional excitations of
electrons. The strongly polarized emitted spectrum has a double-hump shape that
is observed in low-luminosity X-ray pulsars. A low-energy "thermal" component
is dominated by extraordinary photons that can leave the atmosphere from deeper
layers due to their long mean free path at soft energies. We find that a
high-energy component is formed due to resonant Comptonization in the heated
non-isothermal part of the atmosphere even in the absence of collisional
excitations. The latter, however, affect the ratio of the two components. A
strong cyclotron line originates from the optically thin, uppermost zone. A fit
of the model to NuSTAR and Swift/XRT observations of GX 304-1 provides an
accurate description of the data with reasonable parameters. The model can thus
reproduce the characteristic double-hump spectrum observed in low-luminosity
X-ray pulsars and provides insights into spectral formation.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, A&A accepte
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