Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Power between University Men Football and Hockey Players

The purpose of the study was to compare the aerobic and anaerobic power between university men football and hockey players. To achieve the purpose of this study, thirty male football and thirty male hockey players were selected as subjects from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Annamalai University and their ages ranged from 19 to 25 years. The criterion variables selected in present study were aerobic and anaerobic power. These were measured using 12 minutes run/walk test and Margaria Kalamen anaerobic power test. To compute the difference between football and hockey players independent t test was calculated. The result showed that there was no significant difference between football and hockey players on aerobic and anaerobic power (p > 0.05). It was concluded that there was no significant difference between football and hockey players in aerobic and anaerobic power. This may due to the fact that, basically football and hockey players having the same qualities aerobic and anaerobic performance. So, the difference may not be achieved between each of them

Effect of Plyometric Training on Agility Performance of Male Handball Players

handball players agility. To achieve the purpose thirty (30) male handball players were selected randomly from Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu. These players were divided into two groups namely, plyometric training group (15) and control group (15). The plyometric training group performed 2 days per week for eight weeks of plyometric training program and the control group did not perform any plyometric training. Agility of these players was measured by specific agility test T-test. The data was collected before and after training in both the groups. The collected data was analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The result of the study showed that adjusted post test mean showed significant (F = 17.96, p < 0.000) difference among the groups on agility. It elicited that 0.61sec (4.91%) improvement was noticed in plyometric training group. It is concluded that plyometric training is an effective training technique to improve male handball players agility

Comparison of Sai Hockey Skill Test between the Players of Cbse and State Board Schools of Kashmir

The purpose of the study was to compare the SAI Hockey Skill Test between the hockey players of C.B.S.E and State board schools of Kashmir. The subjects selected for this study were 100 hockey players of two Board schools of Kashmir. Out of 100 hockey players 50 players were selected from five C.B.S.E schools and 50 players were selected from five State board schools, from each school 10 hockey players were selected for this study. The age of these players were ranged between 12 to 14 years. The criterion variables selected for this study were the three test items of SAI hockey skill test. Comparison of SAI hockey skill test between the hockey players of C.B.S.E and state board independent t ratio was applied. The result of the study showed that shooting in the target and moving with the ball showed significant difference between C.B.S.E and State board (p < 0.05). In contrast, balancing the ball on the stick showed no difference between the groups (p > 0.05). It is concluded that C.B.S.E school boys better skills in hockey than state board school boys

Analysis of Selected Hand Anthropometric Measurements among South West Zone Inter University Male Handball Players

The purpose of this study was to analyse the selected hand anthropometric measurements among south zone inter university male handball players. The selected players right and left hand length and width were measured on 144 male handball players who had right hand as dominant hand. These players took part in south west zone inter university handball tournament for the year 2010-2011 organized by S.R.T.M University, Nanded, Maharashtra. In this study date was collected from teams who reached quarter finals and Annamalai University team. The hand length and width was selected as criterion variable and measured by vernier caliper, gulick tape and measuring scale. The collected data was analysed using ANOVA, when F is found to be significant Tukey HSD post hoc test was applied. The result of the study showed that right hand length (F = 1.61, p = 0.126) and left hand length (F = 1.19, p = 0.308) show no significant difference between the groups. However, right hand width (F = 5.450, p = 0.000) and left hand width (F = 6.302, p = 0.000). It shows that Rajasthan university handball players showed greater hand width on both hands than other team players. It can be concluded that hand width shows significant variations among the south west zone inter university handball tournament. The criterion variables which are selected in the present study show significant impact on griping the ball

Molecular docking analysis on 16 therapeutic ligands of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Tulasi) and their prospects in drug design for COVID-19

The PyRx software and Discovery studio were used in the present molecular docking studies of the 16 ligands of Ocimum tenuiflorum L., selected based on their high therapeutic potentials, viz., (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-one, Apigenin, Bieugenol, Cirsilineol, Cirsimaritin, β-Caryophyllene epoxide, Dehydrodieugenol B, Eugenol, Ferulaldehyde, Isothymonin, Isothymusin, Linalool, Luteolin, Ocimarin, Rosmarinic acid, and Thymol. Saquinavir was used as a positive control. The binding affinities of the 16 ligands to the main proteases of COVID-19 6LU7 and 6Y2E (critical for viral replication) and their ability to arrest the virus replication were recorded. The binding affinities of the ligands to 6LU7 and 6Y2E ranged from -4.3 and -4.7 kcal/mol (for (E)-6-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-one) to -7.6 (for Rosmarinic acid to both target proteins). While the corresponding values for the control drug Saquinavir were -7.8 and -7.6 respectively. The Rosmarinic acid, in binding with both the proteases (-7.6 and -7.6 kcal/mol) showed six conventional hydrogen bonds, one carbon hydrogen bond (ASP 153 had one conventional hydrogen bond and one carbon hydrogen bond), one Pi-alkyl bond, one Pi-Pi stacked bond, eight van der waals bonds for 6LU7 protease; it formed three conventional hydrogen bonds, two Pi-alkyl bonds, one unfavourable donor – donor bond and 14 van der waals bonds with 6Y2E protease. The control drug – Saquinavir in binding with 6LU7 protease showed 12 van der waals, one alkyl, one Pi-alkyl, one Pi-cation, one Pi-stacked and four conventional hydrogen bonds, which indicates that it has less affinity when compared with Rosmarinic acid. Similarly, the control drug on binding with 6Y2E protease exhibited ten van der waals, four Pi-alkyl, one cation and three hydrogen bonds. The results are in conformity to similar other studies, and herald a promising scope for Rosmarinic acid as lead molecule in the drug discovery for COVID-19

Some glimpses of the marine fisheries in Andhra pradesh

Andhra Pradesh stands 5th in the marine fish production among the maritime states of India. The advent of mechanisation of fishing craft and introduction of mechanised fishing vessels have brought significant changes in the marine fishing industry of Andhra Pradesh. As a result of this, the fisheries harbour at Visakhapatnam has become one of the key harbours for mechanised trawl fishing and Visakhapatnam itself has emerged as one of the most important centres for exporting marine products to foreign countrie

Growth, maturity and mortality of Upeneus sulphureus from Andhra - Orissa coast

The length weight relationship, relative condition factor, growth, maturity, mortality and exploitation ratio of Upeneus sulphureus (cuv.) from Andhra-Orissa coast were studied. Growth parameters estimated from von Bertilanfly's growth function were: La, 20.22 cm; K, 0.65846/year; and to, —0.284 years. The fish attained maturity at 131 mm and had a longevity of 4.56 years. The total mortality Z and the fishing mortality F wore estimated as 2.318/year and 0.826/year respectively. The exploitation ratio E at 0.356 indicated under-exploited state of the stock

Vulnerability from storm surges and cyclone wind fields on the coast of Andhra Pradesh, India

The results presented here are from a study conducted for the government of the state of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP) in India, as part of a World Bank project on cyclone mitigation. A set of detailed maps were prepared depicting the Physical Vulnerability (PV), specifically storm surge inundation zones are shown for frequent occurrence, 50-year return period, likely scenario for global warming and extreme global warming. Similarly vulnerable areas from strong wind field from tropical cyclones (TCS) are also presented for the same four parameters. Vulnerability zones are presented from a social point of view also based upon certain socio-economic parameters that were included in determining the overall vulnerability of each Mandal in a coastal district (a Mandal represents a group of villages and towns) include: population, senior citizens, women, children under different age groups, type of housing, income level, cyclone shelters, hospitals and medical centres, schools and caste based population. The study is about scenarios that could happen if global warming and the predicted intensification of TCS actually occur as predicted by some numerical models

Crafts and gear used for marine fishing along the Andhra Pradesh coast

Until the middle of nineteen sixties fishing for marine finfishes and shellfishes along the Andhra Pradesh coast used to be carried out employing indigenous non-mechanised crafts. Subsequently trawlers and later mechanised vessels operating gillnets came into use which resulted in the increased fish production. Use of outboard engine on indigenous crafts for reaching fishing grounds is a recent feature of near the coast fishing. The different kinds of non-mechanised and mechanised crafts and gear employed in the region are dealt with in this article

Mitigation of flooding and cyclone hazard in Orissa, India

Storm surges generated by the strong tangential wind stressesand normal atmospheric pressure gradients at the sea surface due to tropical cyclones (TC"S)have been studied with the goal of detecting any significant and systematic changes due to climatechange. Cyclone and storm surge data for the 19th and 20th centuries for the Bay of Bengalcoast of the state of Orissa in India are available to varying degrees of quality and detail,the data being more scientific since the advent of the India Meteorological Department in 1875.Based on more precise data for the period 1971 to 2000, statistical projections have been madeon the probable intensities of tropical cyclones for various return periods. The super cyclone ofOctober 29, 1999 (SC1999) appears to have a return period of about 50 years. The cyclones of1831, 1885 and possibly the one in 1895 could have been super cyclones. During the 19th century,there were 72 flooding events associated with cyclones, whereas in the 20th century therewere only 56 events. There was no observational evidence to suggest that there was an increaseeither in the frequency or intensity of cyclones or storm surges on the coast of Orissa. However,the impact of cyclones and surges is on the increase due to increase of population and coastal infrastructure