Formation of Bicyclic Pyrroles from the Catalytic Coupling Reaction of 2,5-disubstituted Pyrroles with Terminal Alkynes, Involving the Activation of Multiple C-H bonds

Substituted bicyclic pyrroles are produced directly from the coupling reaction of 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles with terminal alkynes, involving the activation of multiple C–H bonds and regioselective cyclisation

Helmet latching and attaching ring

A neck ring releasably secured to a pressurized garment carries an open-ended ring normally in the engagement position fitted into an annular groove and adapted to fit into a complementary annular groove formed in a helmet. Camming means formed on the inner surface at the end of the helmet engages the open-ended ring to retract the same and allow for one motion donning even when the garment is pressurized. A projection on the end of the split ring is engageable to physically retract the split ring

A road to trust

The authors explore the relationship between transaction costs and generalized trust. Using panel data from 2,100 households in 135 rural communities of the Philippines, the paper shows that where transaction costs are reduced (proxied by road construction), there is an increase in generalized trust. Consistent with the argument that generalized trust is built through repeated interactions, the authors find that the individuals most likely to engage in exchange exhibit an increase in trust after road construction. These results suggest that, rather than being an input to economic growth, trust might be a product of reduced transaction costs (which also favors growth).Post Conflict Reconstruction,Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Rural Roads&Transport,Social Capital,Corporate Law

Do community-driven development projects enhance social capital ? evidence from the Philippines

This paper explores the social capital impacts of a large-scale, community-driven development project in the Philippines in which communities competed for block grants for infrastructure investment. The analysis uses a unique data set of about 2,100 households collected before the project started (2003) and after one cycle of sub-project implementation (2006) in 66 treatment and 69 matched control communities. Participation in village assemblies, the frequency with which local officials meet with residents and trust towards strangers increased as a result of the project. However, there is a decline in group membership and participation in informal collective action activities. This may have been because households were time-constrained, so that in order to participate in project activities, they needed to temporarily reduce their participation in informal activities. An alternative explanation is that the project improved the efficiency of formal forms of social capital and thus households needed to rely less on informal forms. Finally, the results indicate that, in the short run, the project might have reduced the number of other investments.Housing&Human Habitats,Access to Finance,Social Accountability,Social Capital,Banks&Banking Reform

Plan for a standard form of municipal reports to be published annually by towns in in the Commonwealth

What the citizens of the towns and cities must have, if they are to vote intelligently concerning their community\u27s affairs, are intelligible and prompt reports covering the transactions of the year, to be sent to voters before the annual town meeting. These must be arranged in such standardized form that each subdivision of the accounts will be comparable with similar subdivisions in other towns\u27 reports. The same words must mean the same things and not quite different things, as is frequently the case now. Such impartial, standard and prompt reports can be provided only under mandatory laws of the States. By such laws the municipalities must be required: (1) to publish such reports within a time limit; (2) to publish them in specific forms adjusted to towns and cities of various classes. These forms must be designed by a State bureau. Possibly, in Massachusetts, the proposed Department of Municipal Affairs, now under consideration by the Recess Commission, would assume this function. To this end, Harvey S. Chase, C. P. A., a member of the Special Committee of the Massachusetts Branch, has devised a form of annual report suitable for towns and, in enlarged form, for cities

Budgets and balance sheets: The practical application of sound accounting principles and methods to municipal book-keeping

My experience among cities both large and small and in various parts of the United States during the last fifteen years has led me to certain conclusions from which I find myself unable to escape, and one of these conclusions bears very closely upon this matter of Capital and Revenue in municipal accounts. In fact, it appears to me that we do have, and must necessarily have, in city affairs the same distinctions in classes of accounts which are represented by these titles Capital and Revenue in commercial affairs. It will be found impractical to install sound accounting methods in municipalities, in my opinion, unless these distinctions are recognized, whatever be the titles given to these different classes of accounts. The word Capital is not a satisfactory term to apply to municipal accounts. For this reason I have coined and used the word Non-revenue. The term Revenue, however, and Revenue Account, used in very much the same sense as a Profit and Loss account is used in commercial affairs, is one of the most essential features of a proper installation of sound methods of accounting in cities. Of this I am fully convinced, and for this reason: While, as the authority I have quoted says, The question of \u27Gain\u27 or \u27Profit\u27 finds no proper place in municipal accounts, the question of Surplus or Deficiency of revenue is an exceedingly important item in such accounts. This question, whether or not the revenue pertaining to a fiscal period is in excess of the expenditure which that revenue is supposed to meet, is one of the fundamental questions which a proper system of accounts in a municipality should exhibit, and should exhibit so clearly as to be without question. The corollary of this statement is evident. If the current revenue has not provided for the current running expenses of the city, then borrowed money must be used to supply this deficiency, and such borrowed money can be liquidated only out of future revenues. Thereby such deficiencies of the present become unwarrantable burdens upon the tax-payers of the future

Black Holes and Naked Singularities in Low Energy Limit of String Gravity with Modulus Field

We show that the black hole solutions of the effective string theory action, where one-loop effects that couple the moduli to gravity via a Gauss-Bonnet term are taken into account, admit primary scalar hair. The requirement of absence of naked singularities imposes an upper bound on the scalar charges.Comment: more details are added and some misprint are correcte

Autograph Book Belonging to Norman S Chase of Whitefield, Maine

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1001/thumbnail.jp