1,781 research outputs found
Resonances and Exclusive Channels: an Experimenter's Summary
A very remarkable number of new results in the study of resonances and
exclusive channels has been presented at this conference giving fundamental
information in the understanding of strong interactions at low energies. The
first results from the new high luminosity colliders are impressive and a lot
of activity in this field is foreseen for the future. The most relevant issues
are summarized and discussed in this paper.Comment: Talk given at PHOTON 2001, Ascona, Switzerland, September 200
Exclusive Channels in Photon-Photon Collisions at LEP
The study of exclusive channels in photon-photon collisions at e+e- colliders
allows to investigate the structure and the properties of hadrons in a very
clean experimental environment. A concise review of the most recent results
obtained at LEP is presented.Comment: Talk given at XXVIIth Rencontres de Moriond Les Arcs, France, March,
200
Study of the Final State and the Inclusive Production in Two-Photon Collisions with the L3 Detector at LEP
The KK final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3 detector at LEP using data collected at centre of mass energies from 91 GeV to 202 GeV. The mass spectrum is dominated by the formation of the f(1525) tensor meson in helicity two state. Clear evidence for destructive f-a interference is observed. The first study of the f(1710) in two-photon collisions is presented. No signal has been observed in the region around 2.2 GeV and an upper limit for the two-photon partial width of the (2220) glueball candidate is derived. In the reaction \epem\rightarrow\epemhadrons the inclusive production of \kos mesons is studied using data collected by the L3 detector at LEP centre of mass energies from 189 to 202 GeV. The differential production cross sections as a function of the transverse momentum and of the pseudorapidity are measured and a reasonable agreement is found between our measurement and the Next-to-Leading order QCD predictions
Present challenges in hadrontherapy techniques
Hadrontherapy is a high-precision technique in cancer radiation therapy, which allows obtaining a superior conformal treatment with respect to photons used in conventional radiation therapy. To reach this ambitious goal without reducing the patient throughput needed in a hospital-based environment, the physical and radiobiological properties of charged hadrons, protons and carbon ions in particular, have to be exploited at best, making use of the most modern technologies issued from research in nuclear and particle physics. In the present days, we are assisting to a continuous technological challenge, leading to the conception and to the development of innovative methods and instruments. In this paper, the most relevant challenges in dose delivery systems, gantries, imaging, quality assurance and particle accelerators are reviewe
A system for online beam emittance measurements and proton beam characterization
A system for online measurement of the transverse beam emittance was
developed. It is named PrOBaM (4-Profiler Online Beam
Emittance Measurement) and was conceived to measure the emittance in a fast and
efficient way using the multiple beam profiler method. The core of the system
is constituted by four consecutive UniBEaM profilers, which are based on silica
fibers passing across the beam. The PrOBaM system was
deployed for characterization studies of the 18~MeV proton beam produced by the
IBA Cyclone 18 MeV cyclotron at Bern University Hospital (Inselspital). The
machine serves daily radioisotope production and multi-disciplinary research,
which is carried out with a specifically conceived Beam Transport Line (BTL).
The transverse RMS beam emittance of the cyclotron was measured as a function
of several machine parameters, such as the magnetic field, RF peak voltage, and
azimuthal angle of the stripper. The beam emittance was also measured using the
method based on the quadrupole strength variation. The results obtained with
both techniques were compared and a good agreement was found. In order to
characterize the longitudinal dynamics, the proton energy distribution was
measured. For this purpose, a method was developed based on aluminum absorbers
of different thicknesses, a UniBEaM detector, and a Faraday cup. The results
were an input for a simulation of the BTL developed in the MAD-X software. This
tool allows machine parameters to be tuned online and the beam characteristics
to be optimized for specific applications.Comment: published in Journal of Instrumentatio
An adjustable focusing system for a 2 MeV H- ion beam line based on permanent magnet quadrupoles
A compact adjustable focusing system for a 2 MeV H- RFQ Linac is designed,
constructed and tested based on four permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQ). A PMQ
model is realised using finite element simulations, providing an integrated
field gradient of 2.35 T with a maximal field gradient of 57 T/m. A prototype
is constructed and the magnetic field is measured, demonstrating good agreement
with the simulation. Particle track simulations provide initial values for the
quadrupole positions. Accordingly, four PMQs are constructed and assembled on
the beam line, their positions are then tuned to obtain a minimal beam spot
size of (1.2 x 2.2) mm^2 on target. This paper describes an adjustable PMQ beam
line for an external ion beam. The novel compact design based on commercially
available NdFeB magnets allows high flexibility for ion beam applications.Comment: published in JINST (4th Feb 2013
Significant enhancement of irreversibility field in clean-limit bulk MgB2
Low resistivity ("clean") MgB2 bulk samples annealed in Mg vapor show an
increase in upper critical field Hc2(T) and irreversibility field Hirr(T) by a
factor of 2 in both transport and magnetic measurements. The best sample
displayed Hirr above 14 T at 4.2 K and 6 T at 20 K. These changes were
accompanied by an increase of the 40 K resistivity from 1.0 to 18 microohm-cm
and a lowering of the resistivity ratio from 15 to 3, while the critical
temperature Tc decreased by only 1-2 K. These results point the way to make
prepare MgB2 attractive for magnet applications.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letter
Critical Field of MGB2 : Crossover from Clean to Dirty Regimes
We have studied the upper critical field, Bc2, in poly-crystalline MgB2
samples in which disorder was varied in a controlled way to carry selectively p
and s bands from clean to dirty limit. We have found that the clean regime
survives when p bands are dirty and s bands are midway between clean and dirty.
In this framework we can explain the anomalous behaviour of Al doped samples,
in which Bc2 decreases as doping increases.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Ostracodes; witnesses of the Plio-Quaternary boundary in the North Eastern Atlantic preliminary results
Proceedings of the 1" R.C.A.N.S. Congress, Lisboa, October 1992The 2,4 MY crisis is an important event for the upper Neogene ofNorth Atlantic. A new climatic system occur and widespread during
the Quaternary and is characterized by glacial and interglacial alternance. To follow the different steps of this crisis, we have choosen a borehole situated in the Cotentin peninsula (Normandy, France) and used ostracodes such as markers. The interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data from the ostracode fauna analysis shows that bathymetry was around 40 and 60 meters with slight fluctuations, excepted during Praetiglian event where the zone was outofwater. The morphologicalvariability analysis offour species (the best represented in the core), show a low variability between the basement and 80 meters. Beyond this limit and after 10 meters, characterized by very low values, the variability increases to very high values to the top of the core. Present data; Abe et Choe, 1988;
Peypouquet et al, 1988; Carbonel et al., 1990 a, 1990 b; show that there is a close link between seasonal contrast intensity and ostracode
intraspecifical morphological variations. The carbonates balance at the interface water / sediment, were ostracodes live and moult, is related and reflects the intensity of the seasonal contrast. After the Praetiglian event, an increase of the seasonal contrast occurs during the Tiglian A and the lower Tiglian B
A beam monitor detector based on doped silica and optical fibres
A beam monitor detector prototype based on doped silica fibres coupled to
optical fibres has been designed, constructed and tested, mainly for
accelerators used in medical applications. Scintillation light produced by Ce
and Sb doped silica fibres moving across the beam has been measured, giving
information on beam position, shape and intensity. Mostly based on commercial
components, the detector is easy to install, to operate and no electronic
components are located near the beam. Tests have been performed with a 2 MeV
proton pulsed beam at an average current of 0.8 {\mu}A. The response
characteristics of Sb doped silica fibres have been studied for the first time
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