Low-temperature conductivity of quasi-one-dimensional conductors: Luttinger liquid stabilized by impurities

A new non-Fermi-liquid state of quasi-one-dimensional conductors is suggested in which electronic system exists in a form of collection of bounded Luttinger liquids stabilized by impurities. This state is shown to be stable towards interchain electron hopping at low temperatures. Electronic spectrum of the system contains zero modes and collective excitations of the bounded Luttinger liquids in the segments between impurities. Zero modes give rise to randomly distributed localized electronic levels, and long-range interaction generates the Coulomb gap in the density of states at the Fermi energy. Mechanism of conductivity at low temperatures is phonon-assisted hopping via zero-mode states. At higher voltages the excitations of Luttinger liquid are involved in electron transport, and conductivity obeys power-law dependence on voltage. The results provide a qualitative explanation for recent experimental data for NbSe3 and TaS3 crystals.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

Coulomb screening in quasi one-dimensional conductors. II. Bosonization method

The Tomonaga model for a system of parallel chains with the long range Coulomb interactions is investigated by the bosonization technique. The respective rôles of the screened long range and the bare intermediate range interactions are examined in the 2 k F CDW/SDW correlation function. The accurate expression for this latter function is derived in the weak-coupling limit.Nous étudions le modèle de Tomonaga pour un système de chaînes parallèles avec les interactions de Coulomb de longue portée, en utilisant la méthode de bosonisation. Les rôles respectifs de l'interaction écrantée à longue portée et de l'interaction nue à portée intermédiaire sont examinés dans la fonction de corrélation 2 kF CDW/SDW. Nous obtenons l'expression complète pour cette fonction dans la limite du couplage faible

Bacterial chemotaxis and entropy production

Entropy production is calculated for bacterial chemotaxis in the case of a migrating band of bacteria in a capillary tube. It is found that the speed of the migrating band is a decreasing function of the starting concentration of the metabolizable attractant. The experimentally found dependence of speed on the starting concentration of galactose, glucose and oxygen is fitted with power-law functions. It is found that the corresponding exponents lie within the theoretically predicted interval. The effect of the reproduction of bacteria on band speed is considered, too. The acceleration of the band is predicted due to the reproduction rate of bacteria. The relationship between chemotaxis, the maximum entropy production principle and the formation of self-organizing structure is discussed

FDI in Serbia

After the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in the early 1990s, the Republic of Serbia found itself in an unprecedented social, political, and economic situation. Facing a significant delay in the transition process in comparison with other Central and Eastern European (CEE) states, Serbian governments since 2001 have opted for a model of economic development based on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). This strategic commitment has led to complex and controversial effects on Serbia’s economy. On the one hand, FDI inflows benefited the local economy by increasing its international market competitiveness, contributing to a decrease in unemployment, and enhancing technology transfer. On the other hand, FDI is related to some negative economic trends such as expansion of labor-intensive jobs and an increasing dependency on unpredictable inflows of foreign capital. The aim of this chapter is to offer insights into the empirical literature on FDI to Serbia in the context of Serbia’s historical development and to explore the spatiality and influences of contemporary inflows with a special focus on prospects and suggestions for Serbia’s economic trajectory over the next 25 years. Conceptually, this text is based on Dunning’s eclectic approach to FDI by focusing upon the origins, location, and internalization of foreign capital in the country

Innovation Propensity in the EU Candidate Countries

Innovation propensity, EU candidate countries, Innovation determinants, O31, P52,

Minimization of a free-energy-like potential for non-equilibrium flow systems at steady state

This study examines a new formulation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which gives a conditional derivation of the ‘maximum entropy production’ (MEP) principle for flow and/or chemical reaction systems at steady state. The analysis uses a dimensionless potential function ϕst for non-equilibrium systems, analogous to the free energy concept of equilibrium thermodynamics. Spontaneous reductions in ϕst arise from increases in the ‘flux entropy’ of the system—a measure of the variability of the fluxes—or in the local entropy production; conditionally, depending on the behaviour of the flux entropy, the formulation reduces to the MEP principle. The inferred steady state is also shown to exhibit high variability in its instantaneous fluxes and rates, consistent with the observed behaviour of turbulent fluid flow, heat convection and biological systems; one consequence is the coexistence of energy producers and consumers in ecological systems. The different paths for attaining steady state are also classified