Dialetheists’ Lies About the Liar

Liar-like paradoxes are typically arguments that, by using very intuitive resources of natural language, end up in contradiction. Consistent solutions to those paradoxes usually have difficulties either because they restrict the expressive power of the language, or else because they fall prey to extended versions of the paradox. Dialetheists, like Graham Priest, propose that we should take the Liar at face value and accept the contradictory conclusion as true. A logical treatment of such contradictions is also put forward, with the Logic of Paradox (LP), which should account for the manifestations of the Liar. In this paper we shall argue that such a formal approach, as advanced by Priest, is unsatisfactory. In order to make contradictions acceptable, Priest has to distinguish between two kinds of contradictions, internal and external, corresponding, respectively, to the conclusions of the simple and of the extended Liar. Given that, we argue that while the natural interpretation of LP was intended to account for true and false sentences, dealing with internal contradictions, it lacks the resources to tame external contradictions. Also, the negation sign of LP is unable to represent internal contradictions adequately, precisely because of its allowance of sentences that may be true and false. As a result, the formal account suffers from severe limitations, which make it unable to represent the contradiction obtained in the conclusion of each of the paradoxes

About the pulsed current distribution in the massive single-turn solenoid

Криволинейный контур профиля массивного одновиткового соленоида для создания заданного распределения импульсного магнитного поля на цилиндрической поверхности при магнитно-импульсной обработке металлов можно существенно упростить, аппроксимируя многоугольником. Распределение тока вблизи острых кромок таких соленоидов, соответствующих вершинам многоугольника, представляет теоретический и практический интерес. Однако в реальных условиях идеально острые кромки не достижимы и в высоковольтной и сильноточной технике их обычно скругляют, чтобы избежать локального перегрева. Такое скругление может вызывать перераспределение тока. Получены распределения импульсного тока в системе массивный одновитковый соленоид - соосный проводящий цилиндр при помощи численного решения интегрального уравнения для поверхностной плотности тока в приближении идеального поверхностного эффекта. При этом интегральное уравнение аппроксимировали системой линейных алгебраических уравнений на сетке, нанесенной на контур профиля соленоида и образующую цилиндра. Установлено, что аппроксимация точного контура многоугольным ведет к существенному перераспределению тока в соленоиде. Имеет место значительное возрастание поверхностной плотности тока вблизи кромок соответствующих вершинам многоугольника, величина внутреннего угла которых меньше π, и уменьшение поверхностной плотности тока, если величина такого угла больше π. Сделана оценка влияния скругления острых кромок дугами относительно малого радиуса на получаемые распределения поверхностной плотности тока. Показано, что увеличение радиуса скругления приводит к уменьшению максимальной плотности тока вблизи скругляемой кромки, если внутренний угол при соответствующей вершине меньше π. При этом, относительная величина этого уменьшения зависит преимущественно от величины угла и практически не зависит от расположения. Максимальное уменьшение наблюдается вблизи вершин, угол при которых равен π/2: плотность тока уменьшается в 2.5÷4 раза в зависимости от радиуса скругления. Для вершин, угол при которых больше π, характерно увеличение минимальной плотности тока вследствие усиления кольцевого эффекта и эффекта близости.A curvilinear contour of a massive single-turn solenoid for generating a given distribution of pulse magnetic field on the cylindrical workpiece during magnetic pulse forming process can be significantly simplified using approximation by a polygon. The current distribution near the sharp edges of such solenoids is of theoretical and practical interest. However, in real conditions the ideally sharp edges are not achievable. Besides, in high-voltage and high-current equipment they are usually rounded to avoid local overheating. Therefore, the current redistribution may be caused by such rounding. The distributions of pulsed current in system of massive single-turn solenoid and coaxially placed conductive cylinder is received with help of numerical solution of integral equation for surface current density using ideal skin effect approximation

Development of reverse genetics systems for infectious bursal disease virus by yeast-based homologous recombination.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 05.11.10.200-04

Efficient assembly of full-length infectious clone of Brazilian IBDV isolate by homologous recombination in yeast.

The Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in young chickens. Advances in molecular virology and vaccines for IBDV have been achieved by viral reverse genetics (VRG). VRG for IBDV has undergone changes over time, however all strategies used to generate particles of IBDV involves multiple rounds of amplification and need of in vitro ligation and restriction sites. The aim of this research was to build the world?s first VRG for IBDV by yeast-based homologous recombination; a more efficient, robust and simple process than cloning by in vitro ligation. The wild type IBDV (Wt-IBDV-Br) was isolated in Brazil and had its genome cloned in pJG-CMV-HDR vector by yeast-based homologous recombination. The clones were transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts and the recovered virus (IC-IBDV-Br) showed genetic stability and similar phenotype to Wt-IBDV-Br, which were observed by nucleotide sequence, focus size/morphology and replication kinetics, respectively. Thus, IBDV reverse genetics by yeast-based homologous recombination provides tools to IBDV understanding and vaccines/viral vectors development

Caracterização estrutural e funcional da subfamília gênica ARR-tipo B em macieira

A produtividade de pomares de macieira está estritamente relacionada ao processo de superação da dormência, o qual se caracteriza pela inabilidade do crescimento meristemático mesmo sob condições favoráveis. Embora eventos fisiológicos deste processo tenham sido elucidados, aspectos moleculares ainda são pouco compreendidos. A busca por elementos cis de regulação em genes DAM (Dormancy Associated MADS-box) de macieira revelou a presença de sítios de ligação a fatores de transcrição denominados Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARR)?tipo B. Estes fatores fazem parte da via de sinalização de citocininas e seu papel na dormência ainda não foi elucidado. Pelo presente trabalho, temos por objetivo compreender a estrutura e a função dos elementos cis e trans associados aos fatores ARR-tipo B de macieira e avaliar se os mesmos podem estar atuando como possíveis repressores do estado dormente da planta.(Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Documentos, 99

Genetic and molecular characterization of bud dormancy in apple: deciphering candidate gene roles in dormancy regulation.

Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that enables plants to survive unfavorable climatic conditions, for example during winter, and allows flowering to occur only when the conditions are more permissive, typically in spring