Enhancing Bremsstrahlung Production From Ultraintense Laser-Solid Interactions With Front Surface Structures

We report the results of a combined study of particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo modeling that investigates the production of Bremsstrahlung radiation produced when an ultraintense laser interacts with a tower-structured target. These targets are found to significantly narrow the electron angular distribution as well as produce significantly higher energies. These features combine to create a significant enhancement in directionality and energy of the Bremstrahlung radiation produced by a high-Z converter target. These studies employ short-pulse, high intensity laser pulses, and indicate that novel target design has potential to greatly enhance the yield and narrow the directionality of high energy electrons and $\gamma$-rays. We find that the peak $\gamma$-ray brightness for this source is 6.0$\times$10$^{19}$ ${\rm s^{-1}mm^{-2}mrad^{-2}}$ at 10MeV and 1.4$\times$10$^{19}$ ${\rm s^{-1}mm^{-2}mrad^{-2}}$ at 100MeV (0.1$\%$ bandwidth).Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1310.328

PEMBERATAN PIDANA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DANA BANTUAN SOSIAL

Tindak Pidana Korupsi adalah kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang maupun badan hukum yang disengaja perbuatan tersebut melawan hukum dan didasari untuk memperkaya diri sendiri, kelompok maupun badan hukum yang secara merugikan perekonomian negara. Hukuman terhadap para pelaku tindak pidana korupsi seringkali tidak diputuskan sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan, seperti pada kasus Binahati B Baeha dan Muhir. Sebagaimana seperti aturan mengenai pemberatan yang terdapat dalam Pasal 52 KUHP dan Pasal 2 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Adapun bahan hukum penelitian ini bersumber dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Aturan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) sebenarnya sudah cukup kuat untuk mengikat hakim dalam memutuskan kasus tindak pidana korupsi dengan pemberatan. Namun pada kenyataan hakim tidak pernah memutuskan suatu perkara korupsi dengan hukuman mati sekalipun kasus tersebut telah memenuhi unsur pemberatan. Hakim juga dinilai tidak tegas dalam memutuskan hukuman terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi dengan pemberatan, hakim cenderung memutuskan suatu perkara hanya berlandaskan pada dakwaan yang diberikan oleh jaksa. Melihat dua kasus yang telah diputuskan, terlihat bahwa kedua kasus telah memenuhi unsur-unsur perbuatan yang dapat dijatuhi hukuman dengan pemberatan, namun tidak terdapat adanya pemberatan didalam hukuman yang dijatuhkan hakim kepada dua pelaku yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi bantuan sosial. Disarankan kepada hakim agar dapat menjatuhkan hukuman kepada seseorang yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi bantuan sosial sesuai dengan ketentuan pemberatan mengingat kejahatan yang dilakukan telah memenuhi unsur pemberatan dan diharapkan juga agar hakim lebih mempertimbangkan hal-hal yang memberatkan pada saat menjatuhi hukuman

Low-molecular-weight cyclin E: the missing link between biology and clinical outcome

Cyclin E, a key mediator of transition during the G(1)/S cellular division phase, is deregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. Our group recently reported that overexpression and generation of low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms of cyclin E were associated with poor clinical outcome among breast cancer patients. However, the link between LMW cyclin E biology in mediating a tumorigenic phenotype and clinical outcome is unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we assessed the role of LMW isoforms in breast cancer cells; we found that these forms of cyclin E induced genomic instability and resistance to p21, p27, and antiestrogens in breast cancer. These findings suggest that high levels of LMW isoforms of cyclin E not only can predict failure to endocrine therapy but also are true prognostic indicators because of their influence on cell proliferation and genetic instability

The potential of satellite data to study individual wildfire events

Geophysical Research Abstract of EGU General Assembly 2014, held 27 April - 2 May, 2014 in Vienna, Austria

Effect of target material on fast-electron transport and resistive collimation.

The effect of target material on fast-electron transport is investigated using a high-intensity (0.7 ps, ${10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) laser pulse irradiated on multilayered solid Al targets with embedded transport (Au, Mo, Al) and tracer (Cu) layers, backed with millimeter-thick carbon foils to minimize refluxing. We consistently observed a more collimated electron beam (36% average reduction in fast-electron induced Cu K\ensuremath{\alpha} spot size) using a high- or mid-$Z$ (Au or Mo) layer compared to Al. All targets showed a similar electron flux level in the central spot of the beam. Two-dimensional collisional particle-in-cell simulations showed formation of strong self-generated resistive magnetic fields in targets with a high-$Z$ transport layer that suppressed the fast-electron beam divergence; the consequent magnetic channels guided the fast electrons to a smaller spot, in good agreement with experiments. These findings indicate that fast-electron transport can be controlled by self-generated resistive magnetic fields and may have important implications to fast ignition