Ultrasonic investigations of spin-ices Dy2_2Ti2_2O7_7 and Ho2_2Ti2_2O7_7 in and out of equilibrium

We report ultrasound studies of spin-lattice and single-ion effects in the spin-ice materials Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ (DTO) and Ho$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ (HTO) across a broad field range up to 60 T, covering phase transformations, interactions with low-energy magnetic excitations, as well as single-ion effects. In particular, a sharp dip observed in the sound attenuation in DTO at the gas-liquid transition of the magnetic monopoles is explained based on an approach involving negative relaxation processes. Furthermore, quasi-periodic peaks in the acoustic properties of DTO due to non-equilibrium processes are found to be strongly affected by {\em macroscopic} thermal-coupling conditions: the thermal runaway observed in previous studies in DTO can be suppressed altogether by immersing the sample in liquid helium. Crystal-electric-field effects having higher energy scale lead to a renormalization of the sound velocity and sound attenuation at very high magnetic fields. We analyze our observations using an approach based on an analysis of exchange-striction couplings and single-ion effects

Acoustic Faraday effect in Tb3_3Ga5_5O12_{12}

The transverse acoustic wave propagating along the [100] axis of the cubic Tb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (acoustic $c_{44}$ mode) is doubly degenerate. A magnetic field applied in the direction of propagation lifts this degeneracy and leads to the rotation of the polarization vector - the magneto-acoustic Faraday rotation. Here, we report on the observation and analysis of the magneto-acoustic Faraday-effect in Tb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ in static and pulsed magnetic fields. We present also a theoretical model based on magnetoelastic coupling of 4$f$ electrons to both, acoustic and optical phonons and an effective coupling between them. This model explains the observed linear frequency dependence of the Faraday rotation angle

Unconventional magnetostructural transition in CoCr2O4 at high magnetic fields

The magnetic-field and temperature dependencies of ultrasound propagation and magnetization of single-crystalline CoCr2O4 have been studied in static and pulsed magnetic fields up to 14 T and 62 T, respectively. Distinct anomalies with significant changes in the sound velocity and attenuation are found in this spinel compound at the onset of long-range incommensurate spiral-spin order at T_s = 27 K and at the transition from the incommensurate to the commensurate state at T_l = 14 K, evidencing strong spin-lattice coupling. While the magnetization evolves gradually with field, steplike increments in the ultrasound clearly signal a transition into a new magneto-structural state between 6.2 and 16.5 K and at high magnetic fields. We argue that this is a high-symmetry phase with only the longitudinal component of the magnetization being ordered, while the transverse helical component remains disordered. This phase is metastable in an extended H-T phase space.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Eksistensi Doktrin Piercing The Corporate Veil di dalam Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas terhadap Tanggung Jawab Direksi Atas Terjadinya Kepailitan Perseroan Terbatas

The study aims to analyze the law pinciple that arrange doctrinePiercing The Corporate Veiland the director's responsibilityboth by act number 40 years 2007 about limited company due to the director's responsibility for bankrupcy in limited company. This legal research using normative legal research with specification of method is using descriptive anyltical with statue approach and conceptual approach. This method primarly analyze a secondary data and to gather the legal materials that support and related to this study by using Library Research and analyzed by using qualitative analysis as well as interpreted with systematic and grammatically interpretation.The exixtention of piercing the corporate viel by act number 40 years 2007 about limited company due to the director's responsibility for bunkrupcy in limited company if the directors should be implemented in good faith and full responsibility in carrying out its duty, because the directors hold fiduciary duty of the company. If the directors failed to perform their duties, they may be subject to piercing the corporate veil which is personal accountability by the directors up until their personal property regarding the loss received by the company, shareholders or stakeholder. It is applied to protect the interests of shareholders or third parties that have been harmed by the actions taken arbitrary by the directors or improper conduct on behalf of the company

Mobility-Dependence of the Critical Density in Two-Dimensional Systems: An Empirical Relation

For five different electron and hole systems in two dimensions (Si MOSFET's, p-GaAs, p-SiGe, n-GaAs and n-AlAs), the critical density, $n_c$ that marks the onset of strong localization is shown to be a single power-law function of the scattering rate $1/\tau$ deduced from the maximum mobility. The resulting curve defines the boundary separating a localized phase from a phase that exhibits metallic behavior. The critical density $n_c \to 0$ in the limit of infinite mobility.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur

Penambahan Ciprofloksacin Intravena Terhadap Ceftriakson Sebagai Terapi Antibiotik Empiris Pada Pasien Pneumonia Rawat Inap: Perbandingan Biaya Dan Efektivitas

In clinical practices the aim of adding antibiotics treatment was to improve the outcomes. The objectiveof this study was to assess whether adding intravenous ciprofloxacin could bear more benefit despitethe cost of treatment than that of intravenous ceftriaxone for hospitalized pneumonia. This retrospectivestudy devided patients with pneumonia into two groups; first, patients received intravenous ceftriaxonetherapy only (CTX group), second, patients received combination of intravenous ceftriaxone plusciprofloxacin (CTXCP group). There were 171 patients recruited, 106 patients received CTX treatmentand 65 patients received CTXCP. The data were matched between groups by age, gender, level of paymentand comorbidities. The total cost of treating hospitalized pneumonia with CTXCP was higher than CTX(p=0,000). Meanwhile, the length of stay (LOS) and length of stay antbiotic related (LOSAR) were shorterin CTX group than CTXCP (11,32 vs 13,15 days, p=0,14 and 9,26 vs 12,09 days, p=0,000). Moreover, thesuccess rate and first line clinal failure avoided (CFA) in CTX group were better than CTXCP (81,13% vs66,15%, p=0,027 and 71,79% vs 44,62%, p=0,000). This research concluded that adding ciprofloxacinintravenous as empiric treatment of hospitalized pneumonia did not improve outcomes but significantlyincreased the cost of treatment

Analisis Sistem Antrean Pelayanan Di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang

Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang in charge of the land with an area of 373.70 km2 coverage, every day crowded with visitors who want to take care of the land petition. However, the high number of applicants who must be served not proportional to the number of care facilities available to the applicant should enter the waiting list queue or experiencing situation. This situation occurs in almost all counters, namely Counter 1 Land Information, Counter 2 Registration, Counter 3 Payment, and Counter 4 Product Delivery. Therefore, the required analysis is based on the model line system in accordance with the conditions of service which can then be used to address the issue queue. Based on the analysis, the model system is the best line in counter 1 land information (M/M/1): (GD/∞/∞). Counter 2 registration which is divided into 7 sub-counters have a model (M/M/2): (GD/∞/∞) to sub counters 2A, 2B, 2C, 2E/F, 2G, 2H, and the model (M/M/4): (GD/∞/∞) to sub counter 2D. Counter 3 payment (M/M/2): (GD/∞/∞). Counter 4 is the product delivery (M/M/2): (GD/∞/∞)