The Y-Band at 1.035 um: Photometric Calibration and the Dwarf Stellar/Sub-Stellar Color Sequence

We define and characterize a photometric bandpass (called "Y") that is centered at 1.035 um, in between the traditionally classified ``optical'' and ``infrared'' spectral regimes. We present Y magnitudes and Y-H and Y-K colors for a sample consisting mostly of photometric and spectral standards, spanning the spectral type range sdO to T5V. Deep molecular absorption features in the near-infrared spectra of extremely cool objects are such that the Y-H and Y-K colors grow rapidly with advancing spectral type especially from late M through mid L, substantially more rapidly than J-H or H-K which span a smaller total dynamic range. Consistent with other near-infrared colors, however, Y-H and Y-K colors turn blueward in the L6-L8 temperature range with later T-type objects having colors similar to those of warmer M and L stars. Use of the Y-band filter is nonetheless promising for easy identification of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, especially at young ages. The slope of the interstellar reddening vector within this filter is A_Y = 0.38 x A_V. Reddening moves stars nearly along the YHK dwarf color sequence making it more difficult to distinguish unambiguously very low mass candidate brown dwarf objects from higher mass stars seen, e.g. through the galactic plane or towards star-forming regions. Other diagrams involving the Y-band may be somewhat more discriminating.Comment: accepted at PAS

Logistics and technique for combined hepatic-intestinal retrieval

During a 13-month period, en bloc liver-small bowel cadaveric grafts were procured for seven children and one adult. All liver grafts functioned immediately, and all but one of the recipient patients recovered. Return of absorptive small bowel function was slow, but the integrity of the bacterial intestinal barrier was not disrupted. The described technique allows the procurement of other abdominothoracic organs, with the exception of the whole pancreas

Re-entry adjustment of cross cultural workers

Copyright © 2005 Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Copyright to Australian Family Physician. Reproduced with permission. Permission to reproduce must be sought from the publisher, The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.BACKGROUND: Re-entry adjustment affects Australian cross cultural workers returning home; and for many, loss and grief issues arise. General practitioners are often the first point of contact in the health care system and are well placed to deal with these issues. OBJECTIVE: This article examines strategies that GPs can use to support the Australian cross cultural worker on re-entry, and focuses on recognition of re-entry adjustment, the role of loss and grief issues, and the importance of dealing with these issues. DISCUSSION: Australian cross cultural workers are valued members of their communities. However, their loss and grief issues associated with re-entry adjustment on return are often unrecognised and may lead to significant morbidity. Acknowledgment of their disenfranchised grief and appropriate therapy may be part of the role of their GP. Further research is needed to equip GPs to manage this important group in the Australian community.Susan Selby, Alison Jones, Sheila Clark, Teresa Burgess and Justin Beilb

Releasing Information in XBRL: Does It Improve Information Asymmetry for Early U.S. Adopters?

Information released in XBRL is intended to improve the quality and accessibility of SEC filings, leading to less information asymmetry in the equity market. Research findings on the effects of XBRL on information asymmetry in the US., however, are mixed. Kim et al. (2012) reports that XBRL reduces information asymmetry while Blankespoor et al. (2012) reports that XBRL increases information asymmetry. In contrast to these prior studies, we report that the answer as to whether XBRL affects information asymmetry is matter of firm size. In this study we examine shifts in two measures of information asymmetry for early adopters of XBRL in the US. Specifically, we find that the bid-ask spreads of early XBRL adopters significantly decrease after they adopt XBRL; yet, we find no overall change in trading volume associated with XBRL filings for early adopters. However, when examining the larger early adopting firms, we find evidence of reduced information asymmetry (bid-ask spreads significantly decrease and trading volume significantly increase). Our results generally support the SEC requirement of XBRL formatted financial information on the grounds that it may reduce information asymmetry of large filers in the US. equity market

MedSurv: a software application for creating, conducting and managing medical surveys and questionnaires

MedSurv is a system designed for the rapid creation and maintenance of research surveys and questionnaires that does not require programmer intervention. MedSurv is built with medical surveys in mind and utilizes a group-based permission control with additional security features to help ensure compliance with applicable healthcare regulations. MedSurv is designed as a module for DotNetNuke [1], an open source portal and content management system built with ASP.Net technology, and therefore can be deployed and managed as intranet, extranet, and web sites. At the same time, all data is stored at the researcher\u27s institution to guarantee the required data privacy. Thanks to its built-in support for user authentication and user roles, there is no need to create such functionality from scratch. However, a group-based permissions system is added to MedSurv to support sufficient granularity for access control. Although from the data access point of view data storage acts as a relational table, MedSurv uses a solution that we call virtual tables. The premise behind such a solution is that the structure of the tables is itself stored in a set of relational tables within the database, essentially creating a miniature database within the database. This additional layer is transparent to the user and removes the need for any programming or database knowledge. At the same time it gives the user the flexibility of changing the survey at runtime. Unlike a traditional structure that may require database developer\u27s involvement each time a survey is added or changed, with virtual tables there is very low developer and database administration need after launch. MedSurv allows for creating complex medical surveys and is, in particular, used to develop questionnaires for research driven data collection in the Department of Gastroenterology