From Arabic Alphabets to Two Dimension Shapes in Kufic Calligraphy Style Using Grid Board Catalog

The Kufic font takes its name from the location in which the font was created around the end of the seventh century, Kufa, Iraq.  Kufic was the principal script used to replicate the Qur'ans until approximately the eleventh century. Depending upon where a character is located in a word, the character may be represented differently.  Given this location-specific representation, the Arabic characters uses in script are expanded to 116 shapes.  A character can have an isolated shape, a joined shape, a left joined shape and a right joined shape. The goal of this study is to convert Arabic script to a two-dimensional shape in Kufic calligraphy style that has regular geometric components (lines, circles, curves, arcs, etc.) by using a grid board catalog. The converting process represents a method of learning electronically as well as production for all Arabic alphabets in aesthetic shapes. The proposed grid board produces all possible shapes of any letter in Arabic alphabets.  Some alphabets are shared by sub shapes and are overlapped in the grid board in order to visualize them as groups of similar characters. The position of a letter in the grid board, the letter dimension itself (width and height) and the position of letters in Arabic words were required to convert the characters. The results showed that the proposed grid is a powerful and influential tool that can be used to learn the Kufic font style with a simple, easy and effective method when contrasted to the classical method

Wetlands for wastewater treatment and subsequent recycling of treated effluent : a review

Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater. Environmental and public health problems may result from insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, wastewater treatment and recycling methods will be vital to provide sufficient freshwater in the coming decades, since water resources are limited and more than 70% of water are consumed for irrigation purposes. Therefore, the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation has much potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for plant production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation, wetlands were concluded to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used

Effect of Subinhibitory concentration of Antibiotic on Bacterial Adherence to Orthopedic Prosthetic Device

The effect of subinhibitory concentration of Antibiotics on the Adherence of S.aureus (Coagulase Positive Staphylococci), and S.epidermidis (Coagulase negative Staphylococci) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Citobacter freundi (Gram negative bacteria) was done and the results revealed that Rifampicin was the best antibiotic inhibiting Staphylococci adherence and Vancomycin has less effect on the adherence of Staphylococci, whereas Tetracyclin was the best antibiotic inhbiting Gram negative bacteria adherence and Amikacin has the lest less effect on inhibiting bacterial adherence

Two mouse models reveal an actionable PARP1 dependence in aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Two recurrent cytogenetic aberrations, namely del(17p), affecting TP53, and del(11q), affecting ATM, are associated with resistance against genotoxic chemotherapy (del17p) and poor outcome (del11q and del17p). Both del(17p) and del(11q) are also associated with inferior outcome to the novel targeted agents, such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. Thus, even in the era of targeted therapies, CLL with alterations in the ATM/p53 pathway remains a clinical challenge. Here we generated two mouse models of Atm- and Trp53-deficient CLL. These animals display a significantly earlier disease onset and reduced overall survival, compared to controls. We employed these models in conjunction with transcriptome analyses following cyclophosphamide treatment to reveal that Atm deficiency is associated with an exquisite and genotype-specific sensitivity against PARP inhibition. Thus, we generate two aggressive CLL models and provide a preclinical rational for the use of PARP inhibitors in ATM-affected human CLL